QSO Selection Algorithm Using Time Variability and Machine Learning: Selection of 1,620 QSO Candidates from MACHO LMC Database

Abstract

We present a new QSO selection algorithm using a Support Vector Machine (SVM), a supervised classification method, on a set of extracted times series features including period, amplitude, color, and autocorrelation value. We train a model that separates QSOs from variable stars, non-variable stars and microlensing events using 58 known QSOs, 1,629 variable stars and 4,288 non-variables using the MAssive Compact Halo Object (MACHO) database as a training set. To estimate the efficiency and the accuracy of the model, we perform a cross-validation test using the training set. The test shows that the model correctly identifies ~80% of known QSOs with a 25% false positive rate. The majority of the false positives are Be stars. We applied the trained model to the MACHO Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) dataset, which consists of 40 million lightcurves, and found 1,620 QSO candidates. During the selection none of the 33,242 known MACHO variables were misclassified as QSO candidates. In order to estimate the true false positive rate, we crossmatched the candidates with astronomical catalogs including the Spitzer Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution (SAGE) LMC catalog and a few X-ray catalogs. The results further suggest that the majority of the candidates, more than 70%, are QSOs.