arXiv subjects

Yu. E. Lozovik

Publications and source records attributed to Yu. E. Lozovik.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2020

Exceptional points as lasing pre-thresholds in open-cavity lasers

The genesis of lasing, as an evolution of the laser hybrid eigenstates comprised of electromagnetic modes and atomic polarization, is considered. It is shown that the start of coherent generation at the laser threshold is preceded by the formation of a special hybrid state at the lasing pre-threshold. This special state is characterized by an enhanced coupling among excited atoms and electromagnetic modes. This leads to an increase in the rate of stimulated emission in the special state and, ultimately, to lasing. At the lasing pre-threshold, the transformation of hybrid eigenstates has the features of an exceptional point (EP) observed in non-Hermitian systems. The special state is formed when eigenfrequencies of two hybrid states coalesce or come close to each other. Below the pre-threshold, lifetimes of all hybrid states grow with increasing pump rate. When the pump rate crosses the pre-threshold, resonance trapping occurs with the lifetime of the special state continuing to increase while the lifetimes of all other eigenstates begin to decrease. Consequently, the latter eigenstates do not participate in the lasing. Thus, above the pre-threshold, a laser transitions into the single-mode regime.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2020

Hyperbolic hybrid waves and optical topological transitions in few-layer anisotropic metasurfaces

A comprehensive analysis of hybrid TM-TE polarized surface electromagnetic waves supported by different few-layer anisotropic metasurfaces is presented. A generalized 4$\times$4 T-matrix formalism for arbitrary anisotropic 2D layers is developed, from which the general relations for the surface waves dispersions and scattering coefficients are deduced. Using this formalism and the effective conductivity approach, the dispersions and iso-frequency contours (IFCs) topology of the surface waves in various hybrid uniaxial metasurfaces are studied. The existence of hyperbolic plasmon-exciton polaritons in plasmon-exciton hybrids and hyperbolic acoustic waves with strong confinement in both out-of-plane and in-plane directions in uniaxial plasmonic bilayers are predicted. In plasmonic uniaxial metasurfaces on metal films, the elliptic and hyperbolic backward surface waves with negative group velocity are predicted and additional topological transitions in both elliptic and hyperbolic IFCs of the hybrid surface waves are revealed. Ultrathin twisted uniaxial plasmonic bilayers are proposed as systems with the IFCs topological transitions highly sensitive to the layers twist. The developed formalism may become a useful tool in the calculation of multifunctional few-layer metasurfaces or van der Waals heterostructures based on 2D materials with in-plane anisotropy, where the TM-TE polarization mixing must be considered. The predicted effects may open new horizons in the development and applications of planar optical technologies.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2019

Spontaneous formation of Kagomé lattice in two-dimensional Rydberg atoms

Two-dimensional Rydberg atoms are modeled at low temperatures by means of the classical Monte Carlo method. The Coulomb repulsion of charged ions competing with the repulsive van der Waals long-range tail is modeled by a number of interaction potentials. We find that under specific conditions the usual triangular crystal becomes unstable with respect to more exotic lattices such as Kagomé, flower, molecular crystal and rectangular chain packings. Ground-state configurations are obtained by means of the annealing procedure and their stability is additionally studied by the normal modes analysis. While commonly the square lattice is mechanically unstable due to softening of the shear modulus, we were able to find a specific set of parameters for which the square lattice can be made stable.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2019

Radiation trapping effect versus superradiance in quantum simulation of light-matter interaction

We propose a realization of two remarkable effects of Dicke physics in quantum simulation of light-matter many-body interactions with artificial quantum systems. These effects are a superradiant decay of an ensemble of qubits and the opposite radiation trapping effect. We show that both phenomena coexist in the crossover regime of a "moderately bad" single-mode cavity coupled to the qubit subsystem. Depending on the type of the initial state and on the presence of multipartite entanglement in it, the dynamical features can be opposite resulting either in the superradiance or in the radiation trapping despite of the fact that the initial state contains the same number of excited qubits. The difference originates from the symmetrical or nonsymmetrical character of the initial wave function of the ensemble, which corresponds to indistinguishable or distinguishable emitters. We argue that a coexistence of both effects can be used in dynamical quantum simulators to demonstrate realization of Dicke physics, effects of multipartite quantum entanglement, as well as quantum interference and thus to deeply probe quantum nature of these artificial quantum systems.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2019

Self-formation of coherent emission in a cavity-free system

It is commonly accepted that a collection of pumped atoms without a resonator, which provides feedback, cannot lase. We show that intermodal coupling via active atoms pulls the frequencies of the free-space modes towards the transition frequency of the atoms. Although at a low pump rate mode phases randomly fluctuate, phase realizations at which interference of pulled modes is constructive emerge. This results in an increase of stimulated emission into such realizations and makes their lifetime longer. Thus, mode pulling provides positive feedback. When the pump rate exceeds a certain threshold, the lifetime of one of the realizations diverges, and radiation becomes coherent.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2019

Fluctuations and photon statistics in quantum metamaterial near the superradiant transition

The analysis of single-mode photon fluctuations and their counting statistics at the superradiant phase transition is presented. The study concerns the equilibrium Dicke model in a regime where the Rabi frequency, related to a coupling of the photon mode with a finite-number qubit environment, plays a role of the transition's control parameter. We use the effective Matsubara action formalism based on the representation of Pauli operators as bilinear forms with complex and Majorana fermions. Then, we address fluctuations of superradiant order parameter and quasiparticles. The average photon number, the fluctuational Ginzburg-Levanyuk region of the phase transition and Fano factor are evaluated. We determine the cumulant generating function which describes a full counting statistics of equilibrium photon number. Exact numerical simulation of the superradiant transition demonstrates quantitative agreement with analytical calculations.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2019

Optical probing in a bilayer dark-bright condensate system

We consider a bilayer system of two-dimensional Bose-Einstein-condensed dipolar dark excitons (upper layer) and bright ones (bottom layer). We demonstrate that the interlayer interaction leads to a mixing between excitations from different layers. This mixing leads to the appearance of a second spectral branch in the spectrum of bright condensate. The excitation spectrum of the condensate of dark dipolar excitons then becomes optically accessible during luminescence spectra measurements of the bright condensate, which allows one to probe its kinetic properties. This approach is relevant for experimental setups, where detection via conventional techniques remains challenging; in particular, the suggested method is useful for studying dark dipolar excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2019

Giant tunable nonreciprocity of light in Weyl semimetals

The propagation of light in Weyl semimetal films is analyzed. The magnetic family of these materials is known by anomalous Hall effect, which, being enhanced by the large Berry curvature, allows one to create strong gyrotropic and nonreciprocity effects without external magnetic field. The existence of nonreciprocal waveguide electromagnetic modes in ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal films in the Voigt configuration is predicted. Thanks to the strong dielectric response caused by the gapless Weyl spectrum and the large Berry curvature, ferromagnetic Weyl semimetals combine the best waveguide properties of magnetic dielectrics or semiconductors with strong anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnets. The magnitude of the nonreciprocity depends both on the internal Weyl semimetal properties, the separation of Weyl nodes, and the external factor, the optical contrast between the media surrounding the film. By tuning the Fermi level in Weyl semimetals, one can vary the operation frequencies of the waveguide modes in THz and mid-IR ranges. Our findings pave the way to the design of compact, tunable, and effective nonreciprocal optical elements.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2019

Phonon and electronic structures and resistance of layered electride Ca2N: DFT calculations

The phonon and electronic properties, the Eliashberg function and the temperature dependence of resistance of electride Ca2N are investigated by the DFT-LDA plane-wave method. The phonon dispersion, the partial phonon density of states and the atomic eigenvectors of zero-center phonons are studied. The electronic band dispersion and partial density of states conclude that Ca2N is a metal and the Ca 3p, 4s and N 2p orbitals are hybridized. For the analysis of an electron - phonon interaction (EPI) and its contribution to resistance the Eliashberg function was calculated and a temperature dependence of resistance caused EPI was found. The present results are in good agreement with experiment data.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2018

Quantum communication protocols as a benchmark for quantum computers

We point out that realization of quantum communication protocols in programmable quantum computers provides a deep benchmark for capabilities of real quantum hardware. Particularly, it is prospective to focus on measurements of entropy-based characteristics of the performance and to explore whether a "quantum regime" is preserved. We perform proof-of-principle implementations of superdense coding and quantum key distribution BB84 using 5- and 16-qubit superconducting quantum processors of IBM Quantum Experience. We focus on the ability of these quantum machines to provide an efficient transfer of information between distant parts of the processors by placing Alice and Bob at different qubits of the devices. We also examine the ability of quantum devices to serve as quantum memory and to store entangled states used in quantum communication. Another issue we address is an error mitigation. Although it is at odds with benchmarking, this problem is nevertheless of importance in a general context of quantum computation with noisy quantum devices. We perform such a mitigation and noticeably improve some results.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2018

Algorithmic simulation of far-from-equilibrium dynamics using quantum computer

We point out that superconducting quantum computers are prospective for the simulation of the dynamics of spin models far from equilibrium, including nonadiabatic phenomena and quenches. The important advantage of these machines is that they are programmable, so that different spin models can be simulated in the same chip, as well as various initial states can be encoded into it in a controllable way. This opens an opportunity to use superconducting quantum computers in studies of fundamental problems of statistical physics such as the absence or presence of thermalization in the free evolution of a closed quantum system depending on the choice of the initial state as well as on the integrability of the model. In the present paper, we performed proof-of-principle digital simulations of two spin models, which are the central spin model and the transverse-field Ising model, using 5- and 16-qubit superconducting quantum computers of the IBM Quantum Experience. We found that these devices are able to reproduce some important consequences of the symmetry of the initial state for the system's subsequent dynamics, such as the excitation blockade. However, lengths of algorithms are currently limited due to quantum gate errors. We also discuss some heuristic methods which can be used to extract valuable information from the imperfect experimental data.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2018

Photon statistics of amplified spontaneous emission

Developments in quantum technologies lead to new applications that require radiation sources with specific photon statistics. A widely used Poissonian statistics are easily produced by lasers; however, some applications require super- or sub-Poissonian statistics. Statistical properties of a light source are characterized by the second-order coherence function g^(2)(0). This function distinguishes stimulated radiation of lasers with g^(2)(0)=1 from light of other sources. For example, g^(2)(0)=2 for black-body radiation, and g^(2)(0)=0 for single-photon emission. One of the applications requiring super-Poissonian statistics (g^(2)(0)>1) is ghost imaging with thermal light. Ghost imaging also requires light with a narrow linewidth and high intensity. Currently, rather expensive and inefficient light sources are used for this purpose. In the last year, a superluminescent diode based on amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) has been considered as a new light source for ghost imaging. Even though ASE has been widely studied, its photon statistics has not been settled - there are neither reliable theoretical estimates of the second-order coherence function nor unambiguous experimental data. Our computer simulation clearly establishes that coherence properties of light produced by ASE are similar to that of a thermal source with g^(2)(0)=2 independent of pump power. This result manifests the fundamental difference between ASE and laser radiation.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2018

The inverse-square interaction phase diagram: unitarity in the bosonic ground state

Ground-state properties of bosons interacting via inverse square potential (three dimensional Calogero-Sutherland model) are analyzed. A number of quantities scale with the density and can be naturally expressed in units of the Fermi energy and Fermi momentum multiplied by a dimensionless constant (Bertsch parameter). Two analytical approaches are developed: the Bogoliubov theory for weak and the harmonic approximation (HA) for strong interactions. Diffusion Monte Carlo method is used to obtain the ground-state properties in a non-perturbative manner. We report the dependence of the Bertsch parameter on the interaction strength and construct a Padé approximant which fits the numerical data and reproduces correctly the asymptotic limits of weak and strong interactions. We find good agreement with beyond-mean field theory for the energy and the condensate fraction. The pair distribution function and the static structure factor are reported for a number of characteristic interactions. We demonstrate that the system experiences a gas-solid phase transition as a function of the dimensionless interaction strength. A peculiarity of the system is that by changing the density it is not possible to induce the phase transition. We show that the low-lying excitation spectrum contains plasmons in both phases, in agreement with the Bogoliubov and HA theories. Finally, we argue that this model can be interpreted as a realization of the unitary limit of a Bose system with the advantage that the system stays in the genuine ground state contrarily to the metastable state realized in experiments with short-range Bose gases.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2018

Structural phase transition and band gap of uniaxially deformed (6,0) carbon nanotube

The atomic and band structures of the (6,0) zigzag carbon nanotube at its axial elongation are calculated by semiempirical molecular orbital and by tight-binding methods. The ground state of the nanotube is found to have a Kekule structure with four types of bonds and difference between lengths of long and short bonds of about 0.005 nm. The structural phase transition is revealed at ~9% elongation, resulting in a quinoid structure with two types of bonds. This structural phase transition is followed by the transition from a narrow gap to moderate gap semiconductor. Validity of the semiempirical PM3 method is discussed.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2018

Effect of Peierls transition in armchair carbon nanotube on dynamical behaviour of encapsulated fullerene

The changes of dynamical behaviour of a single fullerene molecule inside an armchair carbon nanotube caused by the structural Peierls transition in the nanotube are considered. The structures of the smallest C20 and Fe@C20 fullerenes are computed using the spin-polarized density functional theory. Significant changes of the barriers for motion along the nanotube axis and rotation of these fullerenes inside the (8,8) nanotube are found at the Peierls transition. It is shown that the coefficients of translational and rotational diffusions of these fullerenes inside the nanotube change by several orders of magnitude. The possibility of inverse orientational melting, i.e. with a decrease of temperature, for the systems under consideration is predicted.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2018

Strain-induced pseudomagnetic and scalar fields in symmetry-enforced Dirac nodes

It is known that Dirac nodes can be present at high-symmetry points of Brillouin zone only for certain space groups. For these cases, the effect of strain is treated by symmetry considerations. The dependence of strain-induced potentials on the strain tensor is found. In all but two cases, the pseudomagnetic field potential is present. It can be used to control valley currents.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2017

Enhanced optical activity in hyperbolic metasurfaces

The optical activity of achiral nonmagnetic uniaxial metasurfaces caused by the extrinsic chirality arising from the mutual orientation of their anisotropy axis and the light plane of incidence is studied. The hyperbolic regime of the metasurfaces manifests in the amplification of the polarization rotation in the transmitted light and in the giant enhancement of the effect in the reflected light. The transition to this regime is frequency dependent and has the topological nature. The key role in the optical activity enhancement belongs to the $σ$-near-pole and hyperbolic $σ$-near-zero regimes of the metasurfaces. The hyperbolic metasurfaces based on graphene strips or metal disks, and a black phosphorus thin film as a natural hyperbolic layer are considered. The efficiency of the predicted effects depends on the metasurfaces implementation and the role of a substrate. By varying the metasurface parameters and choosing the physical realizations it is possible to design such a hyperbolic metasurface polarizer for the THz, infrared, and visible working ranges. Our findings may help to improve metasurface polarizers by using them in the hyperbolic regime.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2017

Modeling dynamics of entangled physical systems with superconducting quantum computer

We implement several quantum algorithms in real five-qubit superconducting quantum processor IBMqx4 to perform quantum computation of the dynamics of spin-1/2 particles interacting directly and indirectly through the boson field. Particularly, we focus on effects arising due to the presence of entanglement in the initial state of the system. The dynamics is implemented in a digital way using Trotter expansion of evolution operator. Our results demonstrate that dynamics in our modeling based on real device is governed by quantum interference effects being highly sensitive to phase parameters of the initial state. We also discuss limitations of our approach due to the device imperfection as well as possible scaling towards larger systems.

quant-ph↗