arXiv subjects

Z. Hussain

Publications and source records attributed to Z. Hussain.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2009

Evidence for weak electronic correlations in Fe-pnictides

Using x-ray absorption and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, charge dynamics at and near the Fe $L$ edges is investigated in Fe pnictide materials, and contrasted to that measured in other Fe compounds. It is shown that the XAS and RIXS spectra for 122 and 1111 Fe pnictides are each qualitatively similar to Fe metal. Cluster diagonalization, multiplet, and density-functional calculations show that Coulomb correlations are much smaller than in the cuprates, highlighting the role of Fe metallicity and strong covalency in these materials. Best agreement with experiment is obtained using Hubbard parameters $U\lesssim 2$eV and $J\approx 0.8$eV.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2009

Large Gap Topological Insulator Bi2Te3 with a Single Dirac Cone on the Surface

We investigate the surface state of Bi$_2$Te$_3$ using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and transport measurements. By scanning over the entire Brillouin zone (BZ), we demonstrate that the surface state consists of a single non-degenerate Dirac cone centered at the $Γ$ point. Furthermore, with appropriate hole (Sn) doping to counteract intrinsic n-type doping from vacancy and anti-site defects, the Fermi level can be tuned to intersect only the surface states, indicating a full energy gap for the bulk states, consistent with a carrier sign change near this doping in transport properties. Our experimental results establish for the first time that Bi$_2$Te$_3$ is a three dimensional topological insulator with a single Dirac cone on the surface, as predicted by a recent theory.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2009

Underlying Fermi surface of Sr$_{14-x}$Ca$_x$Cu$_{24}$O$_{41}$ in two-dimensional momentum space observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

We have performed an angle-resolved photoemission study of the two-leg ladder system Sr$_{14-x}$Ca$_x$Cu$_{24}$O$_{41}$ with $x$= 0 and 11. "Underlying Fermi surfaces" determined from low energy spectral weight mapping indicates the quasi-one dimensional nature of the electronic structure. Energy gap caused by the charge density wave has been observed for $x$=0 and the gap tends to close with Ca substitution. The absence of a quasi-particle peak even in $x$=11 is in contrast to the two-dimensional high-$T_c$ cuprates, implying strong carrier localization related to the hole crystalization.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2009

Electronic Structure of the BaFe$_2$As$_2$ Family of Iron Pnictides

We use high resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to study the band structure and Fermi surface topology of the BaFe$_2$As$_2$ iron pnictides. We observe two electron bands and two hole bands near the X-point, $(π,π)$ of the Brillouin zone, in the paramagnetic state for different doping levels, including electron-doped Ba(Co$_{0.06}$Fe$_{0.94}$)$_2$As$_2$, undoped BaFe$_2$As$_2$, and hole-doped Ba$_{0.6}$K$_{0.4}$Fe$_2$As$_2$. Among these four bands, only the electron bands cross the Fermi level, forming two electron pockets around X, while the hole bands approach but never reach the Fermi level. We show that the band structure of the BaFe$_2$As$_2$ family matches reasonably well with the prediction of LDA calculations after a momentum-dependent shift and renormalization. Our finding resolves a number of inconsistencies regarding the electronic structure of pnictides.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2009

ARPES studies of the electronic structure of LaOFe(P,As)

We report a comparison study of LaOFeP and LaOFeAs, two parent compounds of recently discovered iron-pnictide superconductors, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Both systems exhibit some common features that are very different from well-studied cuprates. In addition, important differences have also been observed between these two ferrooxypnictides. For LaOFeP, quantitative agreement can be found between our photoemission data and the LDA band structure calculations, suggesting that a weak coupling approach based on an itinerant ground state may be more appropriate for understanding this new superconducting compound. In contrast, the agreement between LDA calculations and experiments in LaOFeAs is relatively poor, as highlighted by the unexpected Fermi surface topology around (pi,pi). Further investigations are required for a comprehensive understanding of the electronic structure of LaOFeAs and related compounds.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2008

Universal versus Material-Dependent Two-Gap Behaviors in the High-Tc Cuprates: Angle-Resolved Photoemission Study of La2-xSrxCuO4

We have investigated the doping and temperature dependences of the pseudogap/superconducting gap in the single-layer cuprate La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$ by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The results clearly exhibit two distinct energy and temperature scales, namely, the gap around ($π$,0) of magnitude $Δ^*$ and the gap around the node characterized by the d-wave order parameter $Δ_0$, like the double-layer cuprate Bi2212. In comparison with Bi2212 having higher $T_c$'s, $Δ_0$ is smaller, while $Δ^*$ and $T^*$ are similar. This result suggests that $Δ^*$ and $T^*$ are approximately material-independent properties of a single CuO$_2$ plane, in contrast the material-dependent $Δ_0$, representing the pairing strength.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2008

Appearance of Universal Metallic Dispersion in a Doped Mott Insulator

We have investigated the dispersion renormalization $Z_{disp}$ in La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$ (LSCO) over the wide doping range of $x=0.03-0.30$, for binding energies extending to several hundred meV's. Strong correlation effects conspire in such a way that the system exhibits an LDA-like dispersion which essentially `undresses' ($Z_{disp}\to 1$) as the Mott insulator is approached. Our finding that the Mott insulator contains `nascent' or `preformed' metallic states with a vanishing spectral weight offers a challenge to existing theoretical scenarios for cuprates.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2008

Electronic structure of the iron-based superconductor LaOFeP

The recent discovery of superconductivity in the so-called iron-oxypnictide family of compounds has generated intense interest. The layered crystal structure with transition metal ions in planar square lattice form and the discovery of spin-density-wave order near 130 K seem to hint at a strong similarity with the copper oxide superconductors. A burning current issue is the nature of the ground state of the parent compounds. Two distinct classes of theories have been put forward depending on the underlying band structures: local moment antiferromagnetic ground state for strong coupling approach and itinerant ground state for weak coupling approach. The local moment magnetism approach stresses on-site correlations and proximity to a Mott insulating state and thus the resemblance to cuprates; while the latter approach emphasizes the itinerant electron physics and the interplay between the competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic fluctuations. Such a controversy is partly due to the lack of conclusive experimental information on the electronic structures. Here we report the first angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) investigation of LaOFeP (Tc = 5.9 K), the first reported iron-based superconductor. Our results favor the itinerant ground state, albeit with band renormalization. In addition, our data reveal important differences between these and copper based superconductors.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2008

Knot undulator to generate linearly polarized photons with low on-axis power density

Heat load on beamline optics is a serious problem to generate pure linearly polarized photons in the third generation synchrotron radiation facilities. For permanent magnet undulators, this problem can be overcome by a figure-8 operating mode. But there is still no good method to tackle this problem for electromagnetic elliptical undulators. Here, a novel operating mode is suggested, which can generate pure linearly polarized photons with very low on-axis heat load. Also the available minimum photon energy of linearly polarized photons can be extended much by this method.

physics.acc-ph↗

arXiv2008

Abrupt Onset of Second Energy Gap at Superconducting Transition of Underdoped Bi2212

The superconducting gap - an energy scale tied to the superconducting phenomena-opens on the Fermi surface at the superconducting transition temperature (TC) in conventional BCS superconductors. Quite differently, in underdoped high-TC superconducting cuprates, a pseudogap, whose relation to the superconducting gap remains a mystery, develops well above TC. Whether the pseudogap is a distinct phenomenon or the incoherent continuation of the superconducting gap above TC is one of the central questions in high-TC research. While some experimental evidence suggests they are distinct, this issue is still under intense debate. A crucial piece of evidence to firmly establish this two-gap picture is still missing: a direct and unambiguous observation of a single-particle gap tied to the superconducting transition as function of temperature. Here we report the discovery of such an energy gap in underdoped Bi2212 in the momentum space region overlooked in previous measurements. Near the diagonal of Cu-O bond direction (nodal direction), we found a gap which opens at TC and exhibits a canonical (BCS-like) temperature dependence accompanied by the appearance of the so-called Bogoliubov quasiparticles, a classical signature of superconductivity. This is in sharp contrast to the pseudogap near the Cu-O bond direction (antinodal region) measured in earlier experiments. The emerging two-gap phenomenon points to a picture of richer quantum configurations in high temperature superconductors.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2008

ARPES Study of the Evolution of Band Structure and Charge Density Wave Properties in RTe3 for R = Y, La, Ce, Sm, Gd, Tb and Dy

We present a detailed ARPES investigation of the RTe3 family, which sets this system as an ideal "textbook" example for the formation of a nesting driven Charge Density Wave (CDW). This family indeed exhibits the full range of phenomena that can be associated to CDW instabilities, from the opening of large gaps on the best nested parts of Fermi Surface (FS) (up to 0.4eV), to the existence of residual metallic pockets. ARPES is the best suited technique to characterize these features, thanks to its unique ability to resolve the electronic structure in k-space. An additional advantage of RTe3 is that the band structure can be very accurately described by a simple 2D tight-binding (TB) model, which allows one to understand and easily reproduce many characteristics of the CDW. In this paper, we first establish the main features of the electronic structure, by comparing our ARPES measurements with Linear Muffin-Tin Orbital band calculations. We use this to define the validity and limits of the TB model. We then present a complete description of the CDW properties and, for the first time, of their strong evolution as a function of R. Using simple models, we are able to reproduce perfectly the evolution of gaps in k-space, the evolution of the CDW wave vector with R and the shape of the residual metallic pockets. Finally, we give an estimation of the CDW interaction parameters and find that the change in the electronic density of states n(Ef), due to lattice expansion when different R ions are inserted, has the correct order of magnitude to explain the evolution of the CDW properties.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2007

Polaron Coherence Condensation as the Mechanism for Colossal Magnetoresistance in Layered Manganites

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data for the bilayer manganite La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 show that, upon lowering the temperature below the Curie point, a coherent polaronic metallic groundstate emerges very rapidly with well defined quasiparticles which track remarkably well the electrical conductivity, consistent with macroscopic transport properties. Our data suggest that the mechanism leading to the insulator-to-metal transition in La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 can be regarded as a polaron coherence condensation process acting in concert with the Double Exchange interaction.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2006

The hierarchy of multiple many-body interaction scales in high-temperature superconductors

To date, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy has been successful in identifying energy scales of the many-body interactions in correlated materials, focused on binding energies of up to a few hundred meV below the Fermi energy. Here, at higher energy scale, we present improved experimental data from four families of high-Tc superconductors over a wide doping range that reveal a hierarchy of many-body interaction scales focused on: the low energy anomaly ("kink") of 0.03-0.09eV, a high energy anomaly of 0.3-0.5eV, and an anomalous enhancement of the width of the LDA-based CuO2 band extending to energies of ~ 2 eV. Besides their universal behavior over the families, we find that all of these three dispersion anomalies also show clear doping dependence over the doping range presented.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2006

Distinct Fermi-Momentum Dependent Energy Gaps in Deeply Underdoped Bi2212

We use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy applied to deeply underdoped cuprate superconductors Bi2Sr2(Ca,Y)Cu2O8 (Bi2212) to reveal the presence of two distinct energy gaps exhibiting different doping dependence. One gap, associated with the antinodal region where no coherent peak is observed, increases with underdoping - a behavior known for more than a decade and considered as the general gap behavior in the underdoped regime. The other gap, associated with the near nodal regime where a coherent peak in the spectrum can be observed, does not increase with less doping - a behavior not observed in the single particle spectra before. We propose a two-gap scenario in momentum space that is consistent with other experiments and may contain important information on the mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2006

Low-Energy Electronic Structure of the High-Tc Cuprates La2-xSrxCuO4 Studied by Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy

We have performed a systematic angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) study of the high-Tc cuprates La2-xSrxCuO4, ranging from the underdoped insulator to the superconductor to the overdoped metal. We have revealed a systematic doping evolution of the band dispersions and (underlying) Fermi surfaces, pseudogap and quasi-particle features under the influence of strong electron-electron interaction and electron-phonon interaction. The unusual transport and thermodynamic properties are explained by taking into account the pseudogap opening and the Fermi arc formation, due to which the carrier number decreases as the doped hole concentration decreases.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2006

Observation and resonant x-ray optical interpretation of multi-atom resonant photoemission effects in O 1s emission from NiO

We present experimental and theoretical results for the variation of the O 1s intensity from a NiO(001) surface as the excitation energy is varied through the Ni 2p1/2,3/2 absorption resonances, and as the incidence angle of the radiation is varied from grazing to larger values. For grazing incidence, a strong multi-atom resonant photoemission (MARPE) effect is seen on the O 1s intensity as the Ni 2p resonances are crossed, but its magnitude decreases rapidly as the incidence angle is increased. Resonant x-ray optical (RXRO) calculations are found to predict these effects very well, although the experimental effects are found to decrease at higher incidence angles faster than those in theory. The potential influence of photoelectron diffraction effects on such measurements are also considered, including experimental data with azimuthal-angle variation and corresponding multiple-scattering-diffraction calculations, but we conclude that they do not vary beyond what is expected on the basis of the change in photoelectron kinetic energy. Varying from linear polarization to circular polarization is found to enhance these effects in NiO considerably, although the reasons are not clear. We also discuss the relationship of these measurements to other related interatomic resonance experiments and theoretical developments, and make some suggestions for future studies in this area.

cond-mat.other↗

arXiv2006

Study of HgBa$_2$CuO$_{4+δ}$ by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy

We present the first angle-resolved photoemission measurement on the single-layer Hg-based cuprate, HgBa$_2$CuO$_{4+δ}$ (Hg1201). A quasi-particle peak in the spectrum and a kink in the band dispersion around the diagonal of the Brillouin zone are observed, whereas no structure is detected near the Brillouin zone boundary. To search for a material-dependent trend among hole-doped cuprates, including Hg1201, we use a tight-binding model to fit their Fermi surfaces. We find a positive correlation between the $T_{c,\mathrm{max}}$ and $t'/t$, consistent with theoretical predictions.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2006

Fermi surface and quasiparticle excitations of Sr$_{2}$RhO$_{4}$

The electronic structure of the layered 4$d$ transition metal oxide Sr$_{2}$RhO$_{4}$ is investigated by angle resolved photoemission. We find well-defined quasiparticle excitations with a highly anisotropic dispersion, suggesting a quasi-two-dimensional Fermi liquid like ground state. Markedly different from the isostructural Sr$_{2}$RuO$_{4}$, only two bands with dominant Rh 4$d_{xz,zy}$ character contribute to the Fermi surface. A quantitative analysis of the photoemission quasiparticle band structure is in excellent agreement with bulk data. In contrast, it is found that state-of-the-art density functional calculations in the local density approximation differ significantly from the experimental findings.

cond-mat.str-el↗