Searcharxiv⌕ Search

subject

cs.CR

cs.CR: explore 594 source-linked works published from 2022 to 2026, with original documents and citations.

This collection is a preview while coverage and quality are evaluated.

Search within this collection

Coverage and selection

Includes records with this source-supplied label or an explicit phrase match in their metadata. Matches indicate a mention, not proof that a paper uses a method or tests a material. Source versions are consolidated by DOI.

Sources: arxiv. Collection updated 2026-09-16. Counts describe this index, not the complete source archives.

Removing the Watermark Is Not Enough: Forensic Stealth in Generative-AI Watermark Removal

The literature on watermark removal has largely asked whether an attacker can make the watermark verifier fail while preserving the appearance of the image. This is a useful test, but it does not capture the purpose of removal in applications where watermarks support provenance. In such settings, the attacker wants the image to pass as ordinary content. If the removal process leaves a recognizable statistical trace, the watermark may have disappeared, but deniability has not been restored. We call this missing requirement forensic stealth. We evaluate six recent attacks spanning four different removal strategies and find that all leave strong forensic traces. At a 1% false-positive target, attack-specific detectors identify at least 99% of the removal outputs. In a separate image-by-image assessment of five attacks, only one of 750 outputs removes the watermark, remains within the fidelity budget, and evades forensic detection. The consistency of this result across different mechanisms shows that current evaluation practice overlooks a central part of the security problem. We also ask whether forensic stealth is possible in principle. Under explicit idealized assumptions, we show that exact forensic stealth is possible when a remover preserves source content and resamples the remaining detail from the corresponding clean distribution. In this model, the resulting outputs exactly match the clean-image distribution while remaining within the distortion budget. This shows that removal traces are not inevitable and places the practical difficulty in generating source-appropriate clean variation without damaging the image. We argue that forensic stealth should become part of the standard by which watermark removal is judged.

cs.CR↗

SkillSafetyBench: Evaluating Agent Safety under Skill-Facing Attack Surfaces

Reusable skills are becoming a common interface for extending large language model agents, packaging procedural guidance with access to files, tools, memory, and execution environments. However, this modularity introduces attack surfaces that are largely missed by existing safety evaluations: even when the user request is benign, unsafe influence may reside in skill guidance, local artifacts, or execution-environment files that steer the agent toward unsafe actions. We present SkillSafetyBench, a runnable benchmark for evaluating such skill-facing safety failures. SkillSafetyBench includes 155 adversarial cases across 47 tasks, 6 risk domains, and 30 safety categories, each evaluated with a case-specific rule-based verifier. Experiments with multiple CLI agents and model backends show that non-user attacks can consistently induce unsafe behavior, with distinct failure patterns across domains, attack methods, and scaffold-model pairings. Our findings suggest that agent safety depends not only on model-level alignment, but also on how agents interpret skills, trust workflow context, and act through executable environments. The complete benchmark is available at https://github.com/AI45Lab/skill-safety-bench.

cs.CR↗

Adversarial Trust Poisoning in Vehicular Collaborative Perception

Collaborative perception (CP) enables connected and autonomous vehicles to share sensor data and jointly reason about their environment. To defend against adversaries that fabricate or manipulate shared data, existing systems employ cross-vehicle inconsistency detection and trust estimation, penalizing vehicles whose observations conflict with the majority. In this work, we show that these defenses themselves introduce a new attack surface. We present TrustFlip, a novel attack that weaponizes consistency-based defenses to poison the trust assigned to benign vehicles. Instead of injecting false data into the collaboration pipeline, it deploys physical adversarial objects that are genuine but induce inconsistent observations among benign vehicles. The resulting inconsistencies are misattributed by the defense to the targeted vehicle, causing its trust score to degrade and eventually leading to its downweighting or exclusion from collaboration. Consequently, the system loses reliable sensing contributors, degrading perception capability and potentially inducing safety-critical failures. We evaluate TrustFlip across multiple collaborative perception architectures and defense mechanisms. Our results show that state-of-the-art defenses can be significantly affected: the attack removes the targeted benign vehicle from collaboration in up to 87.7% of scenarios and drops Average Precision (AP) by up to 13%. As an initial mitigation, we introduce TrustReflect, a lightweight self-reflection mechanism that marks disputed regions as uncertain and excludes them from trust evaluation, reducing the attack success rate by 35-100%.

cs.CR↗

A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Targeted Routing Hijacking in Federated RAG

Federated Retrieval-Augmented Generation (FedRAG) is attractive for privacy-sensitive applications because full local corpora remain on clients. As a result, routing must rely on client-provided semantic profiles, creating a new opportunity for manipulation. We introduce Routing Hijacking, a routing-stage attack in which a malicious client forges its profile to attract target queries despite having irrelevant underlying data. We show that this vulnerability is severe. Across three representative FedRAG routing architectures, Routing Hijacking consistently misroutes target queries and leads to downstream disruptions and failures, including missing evidence, poisoning, incorrect answers, and hallucinations. In a controlled MedQA-USMLE stress test, we further show that poisoned retrieved evidence can mislead models across scales, leading to incorrect answers, hallucinations, and sycophantic failures. Existing defenses do not close this gap: encrypted routing preserves the exploited ranking, and Byzantine-robust Federated Learning (FL) rules transfer poorly to heterogeneous routing profiles. To address this gap, we propose a trust-aware post-routing framework that reweights clients using returned-evidence feedback, including retrieval relevance, profile consistency, and cross-client agreement; online experiments show that it suppresses persistent hijacking over recurring queries and transfers to a learned neural router. Our findings establish routing integrity as a security challenge in FedRAG and highlight the need for stronger defenses for secure federated retrieval.

cs.CR↗

Clinically Grounded Privacy Evaluation of Medical LMs

Medical language models (LMs) can memorize and reproduce protected health information, but privacy evaluations often focus on recovery of training text rather than disclosure under realistic threat models. We introduce a clinically grounded framework that evaluates leakage along a graded axis of adversarial access, ranging from publicly inferable demographics to leaked note fragments. At each tier, we measure verbatim memorization of patient-specific text and semantic leakage of sensitive diagnoses. Applying the framework to an LM continually pretrained on 378k clinical notes, we find that routine encounter metadata (i.e., name, date of birth, visit date, provider name, and practice location) elicits high rates of verbatim memorization across a patient's timeline and sensitive-diagnosis recovery (AUROC 0.91 for abortion, 0.82 for HIV). At the same time, exact-match memorization can overstate disclosure: 36% of memorized tokens reflect templated documentation. Our work highlights the risks of training on longitudinal clinical data and provides a practical, reusable framework for contextual privacy evaluation of medical LMs.

cs.CL↗

Securing Multi-Agent GIS Systems: Risk Evaluation and Prompt Hardening Optimization

Agentic systems are increasingly integrated with geographic information systems (GIS), where multi-agent coordination enables complex conversational and spatial analysis but introduces security risks. This work presents a security-oriented framework for risk identification, evaluation, and mitigation in a multi-agent GIS system while maintaining adaptability to broader agentic architectures. We test the agentic system of a commercial geospatial partner while developing a modular state-machine-based orchestration framework that abstracts agent behavior into reusable components. We evaluate robustness using a red-teaming framework with an adaptive attacker LLM and a deterministic judge that produces binary outcomes with supporting rationales across multi-turn attacks. We further improve resilience with a prompt optimization framework that treats prompts as structured signatures and injects adversarial demonstrations, enabling systematic security improvements without degrading task performance.

cs.CR↗

KidnapRAG: A Black-Box Attack for Hijacking Reasoning in Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are vulnerable to poisoning attacks that inject malicious documents into the retrieval process to manipulate model outputs. Recent Agentic RAG systems are more robust to such attacks because they iteratively perform retrieval and reasoning, allowing them to ignore weakly relevant poisoned documents and preserve the reasoning chain induced by the user query. However, existing attacks on Agentic RAG systems often assume white-box access to system prompts, reasoning traces, retrievers, or model parameters, limiting their applicability in realistic settings. In this paper, we study black-box poisoning attacks against Agentic RAG systems, where the attacker can only publish externally retrievable poisoned documents. We propose KidnapRAG, a sequential poisoning attack that hijacks the agent's multi-step reasoning chain using three role-specific documents: Bait, Chain-Link, and Mal-Ins, which attract initial retrieval, induce query reformulation, and provide attacker-controlled evidence, respectively. Experiments across multiple Agentic RAG frameworks, LLM backbones, and benchmarks show that KidnapRAG consistently outperforms existing poisoning baselines under black-box conditions. Further analyses show that KidnapRAG progressively weakens the original retrieval intent, redirects retrieval behavior, and increases reliance on attacker-controlled evidence. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/chanwoochoi316/KidnapRAG.

cs.CR↗

MTD-Playground: An Attacker-Aware Evaluation Framework for Network Moving Target Defense

Moving Target Defense (MTD) has emerged as a proactive network cyber defense paradigm that increases attacker uncertainty through dynamic network reconfiguration techniques such as Software-Defined Networking (SDN)-enabled path randomization. However, existing evaluations remain fragmented due to inconsistent attacker assumptions, attack scenarios, and evaluation metrics, limiting reproducibility and deployment-oriented comparison. In this paper, we present MTD-Playground, an attacker-aware evaluation framework for benchmarking SDN-enabled path-randomization (PR) MTD techniques under realistic enterprise-style multi-stage attack scenarios. Beyond isolated security and performance metrics, MTD-Playground introduces a composite evaluation methodology for analyzing deployment effectiveness, mutation-interval trade-offs, and defender-attacker operational balance. Using periodic path randomization as a representative PR-MTD strategy, our evaluation shows that aggressive mutation intervals reduce attack success rates to 4-20% while increasing attack completion time to 160-311s across evaluated attack scenarios. At the same time, PR-MTD improves throughput by up to 30.9% and reduces internal-path latency without service interruption. Composite analysis further shows that shorter mutation intervals consistently achieve the highest deployment effectiveness and positive defender advantage. These results demonstrate that SDN-based PR-MTD can substantially disrupt multi-stage attack progression while remaining practically deployable in enterprise environments.

cs.CR↗

Bit-Level Triangular Content-Aware Permutation for Fragile Image Watermarking: Zero False Positive Rate, Single-Bit Sensitivity, and Arbitrary Dimension Support

With the growth of digital document exchange, protecting image integrity against attacks such as Vector Quantization (VQ) and collage has become critical. Existing methods are vulnerable to these attacks and limited to fixed image dimensions. This paper presents a novel, dimension-agnostic, fragile watermarking algorithm that enhances security and tamper localization by replacing conventional hash functions with Triangular Content-Aware Permutation (TCA). The image is combined with key-based global noise and divided into blocks. The core innovation is applying content-dependent permutation with intrinsic avalanche effect (TCA) at the bit-plane level, generating a unique content-dependent watermark. For color images, a vertical sandwich transformation merges channels, preserving inter-channel dependency with only 1.62x time increase. The "remainder merging" strategy eliminates padding constraints. Experiments on 50 grayscale and 10 color images under 18 attacks show FPR=0% and FNR=0% for 17 attacks. Salt-and-pepper noise yields negligible FNR of 0.27% (grayscale) and 0.14% (color). Average PSNR is 51.14 dB (8-bit), 75.25 dB (12-bit), and 99.33 dB (16-bit). Embedding and extraction times are 1.61 s and 1.63 s, respectively. The algorithm achieves 100% accuracy against collage, VQ, copy-move, JPEG (quality 5-95), and geometric attacks, providing a secure solution for digital forensics, medical imaging, and legal document authentication.

cs.CR↗

ContextLeak: Exfiltrating LLM Agent Context via Malicious Tools

Exfiltrating an LLM agent's runtime context -- such as the user prompt, execution trajectory, and tool list -- poses severe security and privacy risks to users. Such attacks can be carried out via malicious tools and typically require three conditions: (1) the agent selects the malicious tool for task execution, (2) the agent passes its runtime context as input arguments to the tool, and (3) the tool's implementation transmits these inputs to an attacker-controlled endpoint. Existing work primarily focuses on conditions (1) and (3), leaving condition (2) largely unexplored, despite its critical role in enabling successful context exfiltration. In this work, we bridge this gap by developing ContextLeak, a malicious tool attack that induces the agent to both select the tool and disclose its context as input arguments. We realize this attack by carefully crafting the tool's name and description using reinforcement learning. Specifically, ContextLeak employs an LLM, referred to as the attack LLM, to automatically generate the malicious tool's name and description. To improve attack effectiveness, we fine-tune the attack LLM via reinforcement learning on a set of shadow users with diverse, simulated agent contexts. Our key technical contribution is the design of novel reward functions tailored to the context exfiltration objective, enabling effective reinforcement-learning-based fine-tuning of the attack LLM. Extensive evaluation demonstrates that our attack remains highly effective even when the shadow users' contexts differ substantially from those of the victim users. Moreover, ContextLeak significantly outperforms existing malicious tool attacks when adapted to this setting.

cs.CR↗

ANCHOR: A Vision for Secure Persistent Key-Value Stores in Disaggregated Data Centers

Persistent key-value stores (PKVS) are increasingly deployed in disaggregated settings that split compute, memory, and storage across separate server pools. This shift redraws the trust boundary: data that would remain within a single machine is now transported, cached, and rewritten across multiple hosts, expanding exposure to both network attackers and intra-infrastructure adversaries. This paper presents ANCHOR, a vision for end-to-end integrity and freshness in disaggregated PKVS. ANCHOR proposes a two-part semantics-aware architecture: 1) Persistence path: ANCHOR outlines encrypting and authenticating PKVS persistent files and preventing rollback with manifest versioning. 2) Volatile path: ANCHOR treats caches, indexes, and filters as untrusted hints unless accompanied by verifiable provenance, enforced by a TEE-resident policy. Finally, we outline key invariants and discuss enclave-friendly batching and asynchronous I/O to amortize verification without undermining disaggregation's performance and elasticity benefits.

cs.DB↗

FISGuard: Defending Against Membership Inference via Fixed Input Subspaces

As large language models are increasingly adopted in federated learning, protecting user privacy while performing parameter-efficient fine-tuning on distributed private data has become an important challenge. Although clients only share gradients instead of directly uploading raw data, the shared gradients may still leak membership information about training samples. ProjRes (S&P, 2026) further increases this risk: with less information and without accessing model outputs, an attacker can effectively distinguish members from non-members solely based on the projection residual between a candidate representation and the subspace induced by server-observable gradients. Existing defenses against membership inference mostly rely on gradient perturbation or regularization, which can not only degrade model utility but also fail to effectively defend against the membership inference attack introduced by ProjRes, which exploits the geometric structure of gradients. To address this issue, we propose FISGuard, a lightweight defense. Its key idea is to construct and fix a low-dimensional representation subspace using independent public data, thereby restricting the space through which private representations are exposed via gradients while preserving the primary information required for downstream tasks. This substantially reduces the projection-residual discrepancy between members and non-members. We evaluate FISGuard against five representative defense methods across three NLP datasets, two LLMs, and two fine-tuning strategies, Adapter and LoRA. The results show that FISGuard reduces the ProjRes attack AUC to near the random-guessing level of 0.5 in most settings, while maintaining downstream task performance close to that of the undefended model and introducing only limited computational overhead, thereby achieving a favorable privacy--utility trade-off.

cs.CR↗

Online Differentially Private Consistent Clustering

We study differentially private (DP) $k$-means and $k$-median clustering in the online streaming setting. In this model, points arrive sequentially, and at each time step, we need to output a set of $k$ centers that optimizes the clustering objective for all points seen so far. We give a generic reduction that transforms the (sensitive) input stream into a private stream, which is a semi-coreset of the input stream. This implies that any (non-private) online clustering algorithm, run as a post-processing step, can achieve good utility for the original clustering objective. Our algorithm matches or improves upon the approximation ratio, space usage, and running time of existing algorithms [Epasto et al., 2026, Dupré la Tour et al., 2024]. A key aspect of our reduction is that it inherits desirable properties of the underlying non-private clustering algorithm, such as consistency [Lattanzi and Vassilvitskii, 2017]--a property not satisfied by previous DP algorithms.

cs.DS↗

A User-Centric Context-Aware Permission Governance Framework for Privacy Control in Default Mobile Applications

Mobile operating systems provide runtime permission controls intended to improve user control over sensitive data. However, default or pre-installed applications are deeply integrated into the system, may operate with elevated privileges, and are difficult for users to scrutinize. Existing permission models generally grant persistent or temporary access for an application session without distinguishing among individual features, leaving users uncertain about when and why data are accessed. This paper presents a context-sensitive, user-focused permission governance framework for default mobile applications. It introduces a feature-based authorization option, "Allow When Needed," that restricts access to the functionality requiring the data rather than the entire application session. A weighted scoring system estimates the privacy implications of user choices based on permission sensitivity and authorization type. A web-based simulation platform was developed to model 30 realistic permission-request situations across six commonly used default application types and support controlled early-stage evaluation before native implementation. The exploratory assessment combined a cross-sectional survey of 104 respondents examining permission awareness and behavior with formative usability testing involving eight participants interacting with the prototype. Survey findings indicate that users do not consistently examine default-application permissions and prefer contextual explanations before granting access. The results provide preliminary evidence that context-aware permission governance can improve user understanding and decision clarity. This simulation-based study represents an initial step toward evaluating feature-level authorization and privacy-feedback mechanisms before native mobile deployment.

cs.CR↗

GraftyVul: Synthesising Insecure Programs Through Real-World Vulnerability Grafting

Vulnerability datasets underpin a wide range of security research, including vulnerability detection, automated remediation, and secure code generation. However, existing datasets sacrifice at least one of three desirable properties: diversity (of language or vulnerability type), reproducibility/executability, or realism. We therefore present GraftyVul, a system that constructs vulnerable programs by grafting real-world vulnerabilities into open-source projects. This grounds the dataset in vulnerabilities observed in real-world contexts while harnessing known good build and test environments, enabling exploit-verification scripts to guarantee that an introduced vulnerability successfully alters a program's behaviour. Using GraftyVul, we generate 212 verified and exploitable vulnerable programs spanning five programming languages (Python, TypeScript, Java, Go, and C#) across 23 CWE categories. To evaluate fidelity, we introduce a language- and context-agnostic semantic embedding that compares vulnerabilities by sink, mechanism and host-feature rather than surface code. This approach outperforms standard code embeddings on cross-language clone and CWE classification. These embeddings demonstrate that GraftyVul samples retain a strong semantic signature to their source vulnerability. We additionally compare GraftyVul against 13 widely used datasets, where it attains competitive diversity while being the only reproducible-exploit dataset with broad language and CWE coverage. Finally, we illustrate GraftyVul's practical utility through an industrial case study evaluating a production vulnerability remediation system.

cs.CR↗

DisCTI: Who Needs to Know Timely? Automated Sector-Aware Cyber Threat Intelligence Dissemination

The timely dissemination of cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is critical for organizations to mount swift and effective incident response. When valid CTI is delivered to the right sector at the right time, identical attacks can often be contained or mitigated. However, today's rapidly expanding CTI landscape overwhelms analysts, who must sift through massive and heterogeneous feeds. Existing platforms such as the Malware Information Sharing Platform (MISP) provide sector tagging features (e.g., energy, finance, government), but in practice, these remain largely unmapped (98% of events are left uncategorized). This lack of automated and timely sector mapping severely limits the operational value of shared intelligence, leaving organizations that belong especially to the critical information infrastructure sector exposed. To address this gap, we formulate sector-targeted CTI dissemination as a multilabel classification problem. Leveraging deep field knowledge of CTI structures and sector-specific threat patterns, we construct a novel data set of 872 sector-labelled CTI events from a threat intelligence platform (TIP). We then apply BERT, a transformer-based model, to automate the mapping of CTI events to sectors. Using the structured threat information expression (STIX) format for cross-platform interoperability, our approach achieves a macro-averaged F1-score of 0.89 at a Hamming loss of 0.055 on the custom dataset, i.e. 94.5% of individual sector-label assignments are correct. These results not only demonstrate the feasibility of sector-aware, automated CTI dissemination but also highlight how embedding expert field knowledge into machine learning design fills a crucial gap in the threat intelligence pipeline, enabling faster and context-relevant defensive action.

cs.CR↗

CHISEL-ing Back Source Code with AI-enabled Iterative Recovery

Decompilation aims to recover high-level, compilable, and semantically equivalent code from binaries. Traditional decompilers produce pseudo-C that is difficult to read and does not compile, while the recent LLM-assisted approaches generate readable, but semantically incorrect code. LLM-aided iterative recovery is an emerging branch of research, but prior works rely on supplied test suites for semantic recovery. In this work, we present CHISEL, a test suite-free framework to iteratively recover source code from Ghidra-derived pseudo-C. CHISEL uses simple yet effective feedback from a compiler (static analysis) and a coverage-guided fuzzer (differential analysis), augmented by rich observables for grounded divergence detection and feedback, cross-iteration divergence memory, and best candidate retention. We systematically evaluate CHISEL for compilation and semantic recovery, feedback oracle soundness, and iteration overhead on 120 ExeBench functions compiled for the x86-64 architecture, across four optimizations (O0-O3), in both stripped and unstripped variants, using the open-weight Gemma4:31b LLM. CHISEL, with all recommended features, achieves an average of 96.1% re-compilability and 79.8% re-executability rates at an average of 2.1 iterations. Significantly, CHISEL recovers 26% of first-generation execution errors. At the same time, CHISEL feedback oracle falsely accepts only 9.4% candidates. Lastly, CHISEL performs significantly better than two recent prior work on LLM-assisted decompilation.

cs.CR↗

CAITLYN: Can LLM Agents Autonomously Synthesize Defenses against Emerging Injection Attacks?

Prompt injection attacks on Large Language Model (LLM) agents seek to introduce malicious instructions or content into external text sources retrieved by agents, forcing the underlying LLMs to execute harmful actions outside their benign scope. While current defenses effectively counter known injection attacks, deploying them in LLM agent environments remains challenging due to attack variants and emerging threats. Moreover, existing solutions typically suffer from an inherent trilemma, i.e., a constant trade-off among runtime efficiency, contextual precision, and adaptability. To bridge this gap, we propose Continuous Agents for Injection Threats via Lifelong Yielding Nexus (CAITLYN), an agent-agnostic defense middleware. CAITLYN integrates two systems. System I focuses on immediate defense against existing attacks using a two-tiered library: Tier-0 for rule-based detection scripts and Tier-1 for optimized LLM-based accurate inference. System II, in contrast, is deployed to monitor potential abnormal signals and attempt to synthesize new defenses. On standard benchmarks, CAITLYN matches the detection performance of state-of-the-art defenses at lower token overhead than LLM-as-a-judge baselines. On Emerging, our new delivery-aware benchmark featuring novel injection techniques, static baselines and the standalone System I configuration remain vulnerable. In contrast, System II autonomously synthesizes verified defense capabilities, substantially lowering the attack success rate across three diverse agent environments.

cs.CR↗
Compare source metadata on this page
WorkPublishedSource identifierSource
Removing the Watermark Is Not Enough: Forensic Stealth in Generative-AI Watermark Removal2026-08-282605.09203arxiv
SkillSafetyBench: Evaluating Agent Safety under Skill-Facing Attack Surfaces2026-08-282605.12015arxiv
Adversarial Trust Poisoning in Vehicular Collaborative Perception2026-08-282605.22122arxiv
A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Targeted Routing Hijacking in Federated RAG2026-08-282605.28112arxiv
Clinically Grounded Privacy Evaluation of Medical LMs2026-08-282606.09590arxiv
Securing Multi-Agent GIS Systems: Risk Evaluation and Prompt Hardening Optimization2026-08-282606.17092arxiv
KidnapRAG: A Black-Box Attack for Hijacking Reasoning in Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems2026-08-282607.00422arxiv
MTD-Playground: An Attacker-Aware Evaluation Framework for Network Moving Target Defense2026-08-282607.12199arxiv
Bit-Level Triangular Content-Aware Permutation for Fragile Image Watermarking: Zero False Positive Rate, Single-Bit Sensitivity, and Arbitrary Dimension Support2026-08-282608.14800arxiv
ContextLeak: Exfiltrating LLM Agent Context via Malicious Tools2026-08-282608.27800arxiv
ANCHOR: A Vision for Secure Persistent Key-Value Stores in Disaggregated Data Centers2026-08-282608.27819arxiv
FISGuard: Defending Against Membership Inference via Fixed Input Subspaces2026-08-282608.27836arxiv
Online Differentially Private Consistent Clustering2026-08-282608.27896arxiv
A User-Centric Context-Aware Permission Governance Framework for Privacy Control in Default Mobile Applications2026-08-282608.27914arxiv
GraftyVul: Synthesising Insecure Programs Through Real-World Vulnerability Grafting2026-08-282608.27928arxiv
DisCTI: Who Needs to Know Timely? Automated Sector-Aware Cyber Threat Intelligence Dissemination2026-08-282608.27967arxiv
CHISEL-ing Back Source Code with AI-enabled Iterative Recovery2026-08-282608.27981arxiv
CAITLYN: Can LLM Agents Autonomously Synthesize Defenses against Emerging Injection Attacks?2026-08-282608.27990arxiv

These are bibliographic comparisons, not experimental rankings. Follow the original document for methods and conditions.