Few-Nucleon Systems: Notes about the Status and Results of Investigations
Radiation technologies have found wide application in power engineering, medicine, biology and other areas of human activities. However, theoretical calculations of nuclear reactions and, correspondingly, the interpretation of experimental results appear model-dependent. The model-independent calculation of the nuclear reaction must take into account the structure of the nuclear ground state, the final-state nucleon interaction and the contribution of meson exchange currents. These calculations can be carried out only with due regard for realistic NN and 3N forces between nucleons and also, with the use of exact methods of solving the many-body problem. In this technique it is expedient to conduct investigations of nuclear reactions as from few-nucleon systems in the energy area of the particles below the meson-producing threshold. The tensor part of NN interaction and 3NF,s generate the lightest nuclei states with nonzero orbital momenta of nucleons. These states in the lightest nuclei is conditioned the properties of inter-nucleonic forces, and therefore, similar effects should be observed unexceptionally in all nuclei. The review papers are generally devoted to three-nucleon systems. In this paper primary attention is given to the investigation of the $^4$He nucleus.