SEARCH · Searcharxiv
Search indexed arXiv papers on artificial intelligence, large language models, computer vision and robotics. Read source abstracts and follow links to arXiv.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Research in foundations of physics is stagnant, as claimed by many scientists during the last years. I suggest that one reason might be the reification of language, particularly of mathematics, which favour the search for answers to wrong questions.
This research is about to analyze the effects of the implementation of a virtual learning space in the homogeneous second-order differential equations applied to the modeling of the phenomenon of simple pendulum physics in the framework of the alliance with the international project World Pendulum Alliance WPA. The collection of information was carried out with a five question, using pre-test and post-test. The effectiveness of the strategy was measured with the Hake gain and the evolution of learning with the vectors of Bao. It was found that the strategy is more effective, but close to that achieved by traditional models, so that students largely achieve the proposed learning objectives. The evolution of learning suggests that students after the implementation of the strategy are marked under the model of acceptable explanation in the literature, although some participants still lean towards the incorrect model or the distracter. Therefore, it is necessary to include in the strategy a greater number of activities related to the description of the physical phenomenon to be studied and the improvement of the algebraic procedures seen in previous courses.
Damped-driven systems are ubiquitous in engineering and science. Despite the diversity of physical processes observed in a broad range of applications, the underlying instabilities observed in practice have a universal characterization which is determined by the overall gain and loss curves of a given system. The universal behavior of damped-driven systems can be understood from a geometrical description of the energy balance with a minimal number of assumptions. The assumptions on the energy dynamics are as follows: the energy increases monotonically as a function of increasing gain, and the losses become increasingly larger with increasing energy, i.e. there are many routes for dissipation in the system for large input energy. The intersection of the gain and loss curves define an energy balanced solution. By constructing an iterative map between the loss and gain curves, the dynamics can be shown to be homeomorphic to the logistic map, which exhibits a period doubling cascade to chaos. Indeed, the loss and gain curves allow for a geometrical description of the dynamics through a simple Verhulst diagram (cobweb plot). Thus irrespective of the physics and its complexities, this simple geometrical description dictates the universal set of logistic map instabilities that arise in complex damped-driven systems. More broadly, damped-driven systems are a class of non-equilibrium pattern forming systems which have a canonical set of instabilities that are manifest in practice.
NASA commissioned a research team to study Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP), observations of events that cannot scientifically be identified as known natural phenomena. The Main Astronomical Observatory of NAS of Ukraine conducts an independent study of UAP also. For UAP observations, we used two meteor stations installed in Kyiv and in the Vinarivka village in the south of the Kyiv region. Two-side monitoring of the daytime sky led to the detection of two luminous objects at an altitude of 620 and 1130 km, moving at a speed of 256 and 78 km/s. Colorimetric analysis showed that the objects are dark: B - V = 1.35, V - R = 0.23. The size of objects is estimated to be more than 100 meters. The detection of these objects is an experimental fact. Estimates of their characteristics follow from observational data. The authors do not interpret these objects. Daytime sky monitoring in Kyiv with multi-color DSLR camera at a rate of 30 frames per second in August and September 2018 and in Vinarivka with a multi-color CMOS camera in October 2022 revealed several cases of dark objects (phantoms). The time of their existence is, as a rule, a fraction of a second. These are oval-shaped objects ranging in size from 20 to 100 meters with speeds from 2 to 30 km/s.
With the rapid development of quantum computers the currently secure cryptographic protocols may not stay that way. Quantum mechanics provides means to create an inherently secure communication channel that is protected by the laws of physics and not by the computational hardness of certain mathematical problems. This paper is a non-technical overview of quantum key distribution, one of the most well-known application of quantum cryptography, a type of cryptography poised to exploit the laws of quantum mechanics directly.
Noise pollution has attracted a wide attention due to its negative effect on human health, and many researchers are working on proposing strategies or developing new materials to improve acoustic performance of structures and building materials. Meanwhile, the worldwide emphasis on sustainable development has motivated the development and application of bio-mass materials in every field, including the engineering construction. The purpose of this study is to measure and investigate the performance of a structure-used glued laminated bamboo (Glubam) and spruce-pine-fir (SPF) as soundproof or sound-absorbing materials. The impedance tube method was used to measure the sound reduction index and sound absorption coefficient of glubam and SPF in the lab. After doing some comparison studies, it can be found that glubam and SPF have good performance in sound insulation but behave weakly in sound absorption, and glubam exhibits similar even better acoustic properties than SPF. Moreover, a finite element model was built up using ABAQUS to predict sound insulation properties of materials. According to the numerical results of sound reduction index obtained from the finite element model, developing composite materials and double-layer panels with cavity between should be effective on improving the soundproof performance of SPF and glubam.
Nikola Tesla is often presented by his adepts as the "unjustly forgotten genius", without who our current technology wouldn't exist. In this paper, we analyze some popular statements made by Tesla's adepts, mostly about inventions that they attribute to him, and determine whether they are myth or reality.
In this piece, written for a general audience, we propose a mechanism for quantum entanglement. The key ingredient is collider bias. In the language of causal models, a collider is a variable causally influenced by two or more other variables. Conditioning on a collider typically produces non-causal correlations between its contributing causes. This phenomenon can produce associations analogous to Bell correlations, in suitable post-selected ensembles. Such collider artefacts may become real connections, resembling causality, if a collider is 'constrained' (e.g., by a future boundary condition). We consider the time-reversed analogues of these points in the context of retrocausal models of QM. Retrocausality yields a collider at the source of an EPR-Bell particle pair, and in this case constraint of the collider is possible by normal methods of experimental preparation. It follows that connections resembling causality may emerge across such colliders, from one branch of the experiment to the other. Our hypothesis is that this constrained retrocausal collider bias is the origin of entanglement. This piece is based on a suggestion first made in arXiv:2101.05370v4 [quant-ph], and is an ancestor of an essay now published online in Aeon magazine [Price & Wharton 2023a]. In an updated version of the argument in arXiv:2309.10969 [quant-ph] we (i) demonstrate its application in a real Bell experiment; and (ii) show that we can do without an explicit postulate of retrocausality
We present a study on the trapping of hard ferromagnetic particles using alternating magnetic fields, with a focus on planar trap geometries. First, we realize and characterize a magnetic Paul trap design for millimeter-size magnets based on a rotating magnetic potential. Employing a physically rotating platform with two pairs of permanent magnets with opposite poles, we show stable trapping of hard ferromagnets a centimeter above the trap and demonstrate that the particle shape plays a critical role in the trapping. Finally, we propose a chip trap design that will open a path to studies of gyromagnetic effects with ferromagnetic micro-particles.
The cognitive scientist Donald Hoffman argues that we don't perceive reality: spacetime, objects, colors, sounds, tastes, and so forth, are all merely an interface that we evolved to track evolutionary fitness rather than to perceive truths about external reality. In this paper, I expound on his argument, then I extend it, primarily, by looking at key ideas in physics that are quite germane to it. Among the topics in physics that I discuss are black holes, the holographic principle, string theory, duality, quantum gravity, and special relativity. I discuss these ideas from physics with an eye to their relevance for Hoffman's view.
We propose here a proposal to connect neutrino and energy frontiers, by exploiting collimated muon beams for neutrino oscillations, which generate symmetric neutrino and antineutrino sources: $μ^+\rightarrow e^+\,\barν_μ\, ν_{e}$ and $μ^-\rightarrow e^-\, ν_μ \,\barν_{e}$. Interfacing with long baseline neutrino detectors such as DUNE and T2K, this experiment can be applicable to measure tau neutrino properties, and also to probe neutrino CP phase, by measuring muon electron (anti-)neutrino mixing or tau (anti-)neutrino appearance, and differences between neutrino and antineutrino rates. There are several significant benefits leading to large neutrino flux and high sensitivity on CP phase, including 1) collimated and manipulable muon beams, which lead to a larger acceptance of neutrino sources in the far detector side; 2) symmetric $μ^+$ and $μ^-$ beams, and thus symmetric neutrino and antineutrino sources, which make this proposal ideally useful for measuring neutrino CP violation. More importantly, $\barν_{e,μ}\rightarrow\barν_τ$ and $ν_{e,μ}\rightarrow ν_τ$, and, $\barν_{e}\rightarrow\barν_μ$ and $ν_{e}\rightarrow ν_μ$ oscillation signals can be collected simultaneously, with no needs for separate specific runs for neutrinos or antineutrinos. Based on a simulation of neutrino oscillation experiment, we estimate $10^4$ tau (anti-) neutrinos can be collected within 5 years which makes this proposal suitable for a brighter tau neutrino factory. Moreover, more than 7 standard deviations of sensitivity can be reached for $\dcp = |π/2|$, within only five ears of data taking, by combining tau and muon (anti-) neutrino appearances. With the development of a more intensive muon beam targeting future muon collider, the neutrino potential of the current proposal will surely be further improved.
We take a tour through the past, present and future of Effective Field Theory, with applications ranging from LHC physics to cosmology.
In the past 15 years, the number of known planets outside of our solar system has grown from about 200 to more than 5000. During that time, we have conducted one of the longest crowdfunding campaigns in history, a nonprofit adopt a star program that supports astronomy research. The program includes the targets of NASA space telescopes that are searching for planets around other stars, and it uses the proceeds to help determine the properties of those stars and their planetary systems. I summarize how this innovative program has evolved over the years and engaged the public worldwide to support an international team of astronomers.
On December 31 2022, the Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie (VRT), the national public-service broadcaster for the Flemish Community of Belgium, recovered a video recording of a 1964 interview of Georges Lemaître. Up until now, that footage was thought to have been lost. This footage represents a unique insight into the views of the physicist often coined as the "father of the Big Bang". The interview was conducted in French and is available online with Flemish subtitles. In an effort to make this treasure broadly available, we provide in this paper some brief context, an English translation of the interview as well as the French transcript for reference.
In this case study, we explore the capabilities and limitations of ChatGPT, a natural language processing model developed by OpenAI, in the field of string theoretical swampland conjectures. We find that it is effective at paraphrasing and explaining concepts in a variety of styles, but not at genuinely connecting concepts. It will provide false information with full confidence and make up statements when necessary. However, its ingenious use of language can be fruitful for identifying analogies and describing visual representations of abstract concepts.
We explain that black holes are the most efficient capacitors of quantum information. It is thereby expected that all sufficiently advanced civilizations ultimately employ black holes in their quantum computers. The accompanying Hawking radiation is democratic in particle species. Due to this, the alien quantum computers will radiate in ordinary particles such as neutrinos and photons within the range of potential sensitivity of our detectors. This offers a new avenue for SETI, including the civilizations entirely composed of hidden particles species interacting with our world exclusively through gravity.
In high-power applications, multiple power MOSFETs are connected in parallel and treated as a single switch in order to handle much larger total currents. In this paper, a parallel power MOSFETs model from the turnoff state until they reach their steady state is introduced. The model represents the relationship between each power MOSFET's gate voltage and the current distribution among them. The study's key purpose is to use the model for dealing with the asymmetry in sharing current and power loss between these semiconductor devices during the steady state region.
A very short, non-technical review of the main problems which are presently open in the context of the gravitational theory and of its cosmological applications, and which are currently under investigation and deep discussion. We will talk in particular about the equivalence principle, the dark matter and dark energy contributions, the cosmological constant, the quantisation of gravity, the dynamics of the very early Universe.