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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
arXiv2008

Intermediate range order in (Fe,Al) silicate network glasses: a neutron diffraction and EPSR modeling investigation

The local structural environment and the spatial distribution of iron and aluminum ions in sodosilicate glasses with composition NaFexAl1-xSi2O6 (x = 1, 0.8, 0.5 and 0) is studied by high-resolution neutron diffraction combined with structural modeling using the Empirical Potential Structure Refinement (EPSR) code. This work gives evidence of differences in the structural behavior of Al3+ and Fe3+, which are both often considered to act as network formers in charge-balanced compositions. The short-range environment and the structural role of the two cations are not composition dependent, and hence the structure of intermediate glasses can then be seen as a mixture of the structures of the two end-members. All Al3+ is 4-coordinated for a distance d[4]Al3+-O=1.76$\pm$0.01Å. The high-resolution neutron data allows deciphering between two populations of Fe. The majority of Fe3+ is 4-coordinated (d[4]Fe3+-O=1.87$\pm$0.01Å) while the remaining Fe3+ and all Fe2+ (~12% of total Fe) are 5-coordinated (d[5]Fe-O=2.01$\pm$0.01Å). Both AlO4 and FeO4 are randomly distributed and connected with the silicate network in which they share corners with SiO4 tetrahedra, in agreement with a network-forming role of those species. On the contrary FeO5 tends to form clusters and to share edges with each other. 5-coordinated Fe is interpreted as network modifier and it turns out that, even if this coordination number is rare in crystals, it is more common in glasses in which they can have a key role on physical properties.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗
arXiv2008

Magnetic measurements and 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy in oxygen deficient SmFeAsO0.85

Magnetic measurements and 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy studies were performed on oxygen- deficient high temperature superconductor SmFeAsO0.85 with TC=52.4 K. The upper-critical behavior (HC2) values were extracted from the real part of ac measurements. The field dependence of HC2 is consistent with a two band model. Mössbauer spectra below and above TC consist of a singlet and a doublet, which are attributed to Fe ions which have two or one oxygen ions in their close vicinity, respectively. No change is observed in the major (~75%) singlet related to Fe ions surrounded by two oxygen ions. On the other hand, the doublet which senses oxygen vacancies shows a well defined magnetic sextet below TC. This indicates coexistence on a microscopic level of the two mutually exclusive states namely: superconductivity which is confined to the Fe-As layers and magnetism, in the same layers. Alternatively, the hyperfine parameters of the doublet are similar to the reported values of FeAs which orders magnetically at 77 K. Thus the magnetic features observed below TC, may be related to FeAs as an extra phase.

cond-mat.supr-con↗
arXiv2008

Line creep in paper peeling

The dynamics of a "peeling front" or an elastic line is studied under creep (constant load) conditions. Our experiments show an exponential dependence of the creep velocity on the inverse force (mass) applied. In particular, the dynamical correlations of the avalanche activity are discussed here. We compare various avalanche statistics to those of a line depinning model with non-local elasticity, and study various measures of the experimental avalanche-avalanche and temporal correlations such as the autocorrelation function of the released energy and aftershock activity. From all these we conclude, that internal avalanche dynamics seems to follow "line depinning" -like behavior, in rough agreement with the depinning model. Meanwhile, the correlations reveal subtle complications not implied by depinning theory. Moreover, we also show how these results can be understood from a geophysical point of view.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗
arXiv2010

Internal Percolation Problem

Introduced and investigated new kind of percolation problem - so called internal percolation problem (IP). In usual percolation problem current flows from top to bottom of the system and here it can be called as external percolation problem (EP) despite of the IP case when voltage is applied to the system through bars which are inside of the hole in system. EP problem has two major parameters: M size of system and a0 size of inclusion, lattice size etc. IP holds one more parameter the size of hole - L. Results of computer simulation show that critical indexes of conductance for IP problem are very close to those in EP problem. In opposite indexes of relative spectral noise density of 1/f noise and higher moments are really differs from EP problem. The source of such behaviour is discussed.

cond-mat.dis-nn↗
arXiv2012

First Order Phase Transition in Quantum Paraelectrics

We discuss the nature of pressure induced phase transitions in standard Quantum Paraelectrics near quantum critical point. From a microscopic theory we first show that near the critical point the transition temperature $T_c(p)$ varies as $ (1-p/p_c)^ξ$ with $ξ={1/2}$. Within the Landau scheme, it is shown that for $ξ\leq 1$, a condition satisfied by most quantum paraelectrics the transition is inevitably first order in nature. The present analysis is valid for non-polar impurity induced transitions in these materials and is supported by some recent experiment.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2008

Transformation Optics and the Geometry of Light

Metamaterials are beginning to transform optics and microwave technology thanks to their versatile properties that, in many cases, can be tailored according to practical needs and desires. Although metamaterials are surely not the answer to all engineering problems, they have inspired a series of significant technological developments and also some imaginative research, because they invite researchers and inventors to dream. Imagine there were no practical limits on the electromagnetic properties of materials. What is possible? And what is not? If there are no practical limits, what are the fundamental limits? Such questions inspire taking a fresh look at the foundations of optics and at connections between optics and other areas of physics. In this article we discuss such a connection, the relationship between optics and general relativity, or, expressed more precisely, between geometrical ideas normally applied in general relativity and the propagation of light, or electromagnetic waves in general, in materials. We also discuss how this connection is applied: in invisibility devices, perfect lenses, the optical Aharonov-Bohm effect of vortices and in analogues of the event horizon.

physics.optics↗
arXiv2008

Screening of magnetic moments in PuAm alloy : LDA+DMFT study

The puzzling absence of Pu magnetic moments in a PuAm environment is explored using the self-consistent Dynamical Mean Field Theory (DMFT) calculations in combination with the Local Density Approximation. We argue that delta-Pu -Am alloys provide an ideal test bed for investigating the screening of moments from the single impurity limit to the dense limit. Several important effects can be studied: volume expansion, shift of the bare Pu on-site f energy level, and the reduction of the hybridization cloud resulting from the collective character of the Kondo effect in the Anderson lattice. These effects compensate each other and result in a coherence scale, which is independent of alloy composition, and is around 800K. We emphasize the role of the DMFT self-consistency condition, and multiplet splittings in Pu and Am atoms, in order to capture the correct value of the coherence scale in the alloy.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2008

Growth of Diamond Films from Tequila

Diamond thin films were growth using Tequila as precursor by Pulsed Liquid Injection Chemical Vapor Deposition (PLI-CVD) onto both silicon (100) and stainless steel 304 at 850 C. The diamond films were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The spherical crystallites (100 to 400 nm) show the characteristic 1332 cm-1 Raman band of diamond.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗
arXiv2008

Thermal contact resistance between two nanoparticles

We compute the thermal conductance between two nanoparticles in contact based on the Molecular Dynamics technique. The contact is generated by letting both particles stick together under van der Waals attractions. The thermal conductance is derived from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and the time fluctuations of the exchanged power. We show that the conductance is proportional to the atoms involved in the thermal interaction. In the case of silica, the atomic contribution to the thermal conductance is in the range of 0.5 to 3 nW.K-1. This result fits to theoretical predictions based on characteristic times of the temperature fluctuation. The order of magnitude of the contact conductance is 1 μW.K-1 when the cross section ranges from 1 to 10nm2.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗
arXiv2008

Cooling Dynamics of a Gold Nanoparticle in a Host Medium Under Ultrafast Laser Pulse Excitation: A Ballistic-Diffusive Approach

We present a numerical model allowing to determine the electron and lattice temperature dynamics in a gold nanoparticle under subpicosecond pulsed excitation, as well as that of the surrounding medium. For this, we have used the electron-phonon coupling equation in the particle with a source term linked with the laser pulse, and the ballistic-diffusive equations for heat conduction in the host medium. Our results show that the heat transfer rate from the particle to the matrix is significantly smaller than the prediction of Fourier's law. Consequently, the particle temperature rise is much larger and its cooling dynamics is much slower than that obtained using Fourier's law, which is attributed to the nonlocal and nonequilibrium heat conduction in the vicinity of the nanoparticle. These results are expected to be of great importance for interpreting pump-probe experiments performed on single nanoparticles or nanocomposite media.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗
arXiv2008

Near-Field Heat Transfer Percolation in Nanoparticles based Composite Media

Near-field radiative heat transfer is investigated in composite media including nanoparticles. By modeling pair interactions only, the effective thermal conductivity due to near field radiation is calculated based on a thermal nodes model. We highlight the onset of a Near-Field percolation occurring much earlier than the mechanical percolation at critical volume fraction f=0.033. This 15 mechanism drastically increases the thermal conductivity even at low volume fractions. It also indicates a simple experimental protocol to prove Near-Field contact.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗
arXiv2008

Remote hole-doping of Mott insulators on the nanometer scale

At interfaces between polar and nonpolar perovskite oxides, an unusual electron-doping has been previously observed, due to electronic reconstructions. We report on remote hole-doping at an interface composed of only polar layers, revealed by high-resolution hard x-ray core-level photoemission spectroscopy. In LaAlO3/LaVO3/LaAlO3 trilayers, the vanadium valence systematically evolves from the bulk value of V3+ to higher oxidation states with decreasing LaAlO3 cap layer thickness. These results provide a synthetic approach to hole-doping transition metal oxide heterointerfaces without invoking a polar discontinuity.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2008

Bulk-like d band of SrVO3 under a self-protective cap layer

We have performed a detailed angel-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of in-situ prepared SrVO3 thin films. Naturally capped by a ``transparent'' protective layer, contributions from surface states centered at ~ -1.5 eV are dramatically reduced, enabling us to study the bulk V 3d states. We have observed a clear band dispersion not only in the coherent quasiparticle part but also in the incoherent part, which are reproduced by dynamical mean-field theory calculations and the spectral weight of the incoherent part is stronger within the Fermi surface.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2008

Origin of large thermopower in LiRh$_2$O$_4$

Motivated by the newly synthesized mixed-valent spinel LiRh$_2$O$_4$ for which a large thermopower is observed in the metallic cubic phase above 230K [Okamoto {\it et al.} (arXiv:0806.2504)], we calculate the Seebeck coefficient by the combination of local density approximation and dynamical mean field theory (LDA+DMFT). The experimental values are well reproduced not only by LDA+DMFT but also by the less involved Boltzmann equation approach. A careful analysis of the latter shows unexpectedly that the origin of the large thermopower shares a common root with a very different oxide: Na$_x$CoO$_2$. We also discuss how it is possible to further increase the powerfactor of LiRh$_2$O$_4$ through doping, which makes the material even more promoising for technological applications.

cond-mat.str-el↗
arXiv2009

UV-photon and electrically driven resistance switching in ZnO nanotube arrays

Vertically aligned ZnO nanotube arrays fabricated on an ITO substrate are found to exhibit strong persistent photoconductivity (PPC) effect and electrically driven conductance switching behavior, though the latter shows a gradual decay from high conductance state to a low conductance state. Unlike the electrical switching, the PPC cannot be reset or reversed by an electrical pulse. Excitation wavelength dependent conductance measurement indicates the presence of the defect localized states (DLS) ~ 240meV above the valence band edge, in support of the hypothesis that the doubly ionization of these DLS are responsible for the PPC effect.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗
arXiv2008

InAs Nanowire MOS Capacitors

We present a capacitance-voltage study for arrays of vertical InAs nanowires. MOS capacitors are obtained by insulating the nanowires with a conformal 10nm HfO2 layer and using a top Cr/Au metallization as one of the capacitor's electrodes. The described fabrication and characterization technique enables a systematic investigation of the carrier density in the nanowires as well as of the quality of the MOS interface.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗