Effect of Dimensionality on the Percolation Thresholds of Various $d$-Dimensional Lattices

Abstract

We show analytically that the $[0,1]$, $[1,1]$ and $[2,1]$ Pad{é} approximants of the mean cluster number $S(p)$ for site and bond percolation on general $d$-dimensional lattices are upper bounds on this quantity in any Euclidean dimension $d$, where $p$ is the occupation probability. These results lead to certain lower bounds on the percolation threshold $p_c$ that become progressively tighter as $d$ increases and asymptotically exact as $d$ becomes large. These lower-bound estimates depend on the structure of the $d$-dimensional lattice and whether site or bond percolation is being considered. We obtain explicit bounds on $p_c$ for both site and bond percolation on five different lattices: $d$-dimensional generalizations of the simple-cubic, body-centered-cubic and face-centered-cubic Bravais lattices as well as the $d$-dimensional generalizations of the diamond and kagom{é} (or pyrochlore) non-Bravais lattices. These analytical estimates are used to assess available simulation results across dimensions (up through $d=13$ in some cases). It is noteworthy that the tightest lower bound provides reasonable estimates of $p_c$ in relatively low dimensions and becomes increasingly accurate as $d$ grows. We also derive high-dimensional asymptotic expansions for $p_c$ for the ten percolation problems and compare them to the Bethe-lattice approximation. Finally, we remark on the radius of convergence of the series expansion of $S$ in powers of $p$ as the dimension grows.