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arXiv · 1902.09630

Generalized Intersection over Union: A Metric and A Loss for Bounding Box Regression

Hamid Rezatofighi·Nathan Tsoi·JunYoung Gwak·Amir Sadeghian·Ian Reid·Silvio Savarese
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Abstract

Intersection over Union (IoU) is the most popular evaluation metric used in the object detection benchmarks. However, there is a gap between optimizing the commonly used distance losses for regressing the parameters of a bounding box and maximizing this metric value. The optimal objective for a metric is the metric itself. In the case of axis-aligned 2D bounding boxes, it can be shown that $IoU$ can be directly used as a regression loss. However, $IoU$ has a plateau making it infeasible to optimize in the case of non-overlapping bounding boxes. In this paper, we address the weaknesses of $IoU$ by introducing a generalized version as both a new loss and a new metric. By incorporating this generalized $IoU$ ($GIoU$) as a loss into the state-of-the art object detection frameworks, we show a consistent improvement on their performance using both the standard, $IoU$ based, and new, $GIoU$ based, performance measures on popular object detection benchmarks such as PASCAL VOC and MS COCO.

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Hamid Rezatofighi, Nathan Tsoi, JunYoung Gwak, Amir Sadeghian, Ian Reid, Silvio Savarese. 2019-02-25. Generalized Intersection over Union: A Metric and A Loss for Bounding Box Regression. https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.09630

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