Operators with continuous kernels

Abstract

Let $\Omega \subset {\bf R}^d$ be open. We investigate conditions under which an operator $T$ on $L_2(\Omega)$ has a continuous kernel $K \in C(\overline \Omega \times \overline \Omega)$. In the centre of our interest is the condition $T L_2(\Omega) \subset C(\overline \Omega)$, which one knows for many semigroups generated by elliptic operators. This condition implies that $T^3$ has a kernel in $C(\overline \Omega \times \overline \Omega)$ if $T$ is self-adjoint and $\Omega$ is bounded, and the power $3$ is best possible. We also analyse Mercer's theorem in our context.