Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2010.09394

Knowledge Graph-based Question Answering with Electronic Health Records

Junwoo Park·Youngwoo Cho·Haneol Lee·Jaegul Choo·Edward Choi
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Question Answering (QA) is a widely-used framework for developing and evaluating an intelligent machine. In this light, QA on Electronic Health Records (EHR), namely EHR QA, can work as a crucial milestone towards developing an intelligent agent in healthcare. EHR data are typically stored in a relational database, which can also be converted to a directed acyclic graph, allowing two approaches for EHR QA: Table-based QA and Knowledge Graph-based QA. We hypothesize that the graph-based approach is more suitable for EHR QA as graphs can represent relations between entities and values more naturally compared to tables, which essentially require JOIN operations. In this paper, we propose a graph-based EHR QA where natural language queries are converted to SPARQL instead of SQL. To validate our hypothesis, we create four EHR QA datasets (graph-based VS table-based, and simplified database schema VS original database schema), based on a table-based dataset MIMICSQL. We test both a simple Seq2Seq model and a state-of-the-art EHR QA model on all datasets where the graph-based datasets facilitated up to 34% higher accuracy than the table-based dataset without any modification to the model architectures. Finally, all datasets are open-sourced to encourage further EHR QA research in both directions.

Explore related subjects

cs.DBcs.AIcs.LG

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

Junwoo Park, Youngwoo Cho, Haneol Lee, Jaegul Choo, Edward Choi. 2020-10-19. Knowledge Graph-based Question Answering with Electronic Health Records. https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.09394

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

OmniTable: A Unified Wide-Table System for Petabyte-Scale LLM Data Curation and Exploration

Data curation is a critical bottleneck in industrial-grade LLM development, where petabyte-scale unstructured corpora are scattered across hundreds of physical tables, feature engineering relies on manual, table-centric pipeline orchestration, and data lineage is largely absent. We present OmniTable as an architecture blueprint for a unified wide-table layer built on Logical Unification, Physical Separation, targeting petabyte-scale LLM data curation and exploration. OmniTable makes four contributions: (1) a unified wide-table abstraction that consolidates multi-source heterogeneous data and thousands of derived features under a single logical schema via logical-physical mapping; (2) declarative feature lifecycle management that automates dependency resolution, execution planning, operator fusion, and lineage tracking, replacing manual pipeline orchestration with a "declare-and-execute" paradigm; (3) an adaptive execution engine with autonomous governance that achieves stable PB-scale feature backfill through heterogeneous compute routing (CPU/GPU), adaptive tuning, UDF-level fault tolerance, and automated storage layout optimization; and (4) hybrid-accelerated data exploration combining a global ID index, transparent OLAP offloading, and background materialized views to deliver second-level point lookups and filtered exports exceeding 20 TB/hour. In production, OmniTable manages over 35 PB of training data across web, code, PDF, and SFT domains, reducing the human-in-the-loop curation cycle from approximately 14 days to approximately 2.5 days (5.6x over the pre-OmniTable production workflow), with consistent feature versioning, auditable lineage, and minimal manual intervention.

cs.DB↗
arXiv2026

When Does Low-Bit Quantization Preserve the Decisions of Vector Search?

Low-bit quantization can achieve high recall on some vector representations and fail sharply on others, while average distortion and global rank correlation do not explain the difference. We study quantized vector search at the level of the comparisons consumed by ranking and graph-pruning algorithms. Our first result is a distribution-free decomposition: the probability that a comparison flips is bounded by the probability mass of exact margins near zero plus the tail probability of the calibrated residual. We then account for dependence between residuals that share a query or graph node, and derive covariance-aware second-moment identities and tail bounds under a joint MGF proxy. For a frozen candidate permutation, we prove a deterministic coupling theorem for Vamana neighbour selection: the approximate replay returns the exact neighbour list exactly when all candidate-level pruning actions agree on the frozen exact states. We connect these results to representation geometry through an exact Gaussian oracle, establish a strict correlation gain from a deterministic magnitude bit in an aligned bilinear model, and give a rare-contamination construction showing why marginal Gaussian diagnostics do not imply the required residual tails. When analytical assumptions are unavailable, a held-out block certificate bounds the selective failure risk of a frozen quantized rule. Across learned, classical, and synthetic embeddings, standardized exact margins predict held-out ranking and pruning flip rates substantially better than global rank correlation. The framework applies to coordinate binary codes, RaBitQ, Lucene BBQ, and product quantizers through a common decision interface.

cs.DB↗
arXiv2026

Contextual Utility of Quantization Moves in Extreme Low-Bit LLMs

Post-training quantizers select finite code changes using reconstruction proxies or local loss approximations, but the utility of a quantization move depends on the state through which it is executed. We identify two sources of this contextual dependence. First, the displacement of the move matters: evaluating the gradient at the move midpoint captures curvature accumulated along the move that a current-state linearization omits. Across frozen two-bit moves from Llama-3.2 models, midpoint evaluation predicts the direction of exact endpoint loss changes substantially more accurately than current-state gradients. Second, moves interact: exhaustive lattices of legal quantized states are well approximated by quadratic pseudo-Boolean functions, yet their small pairwise components can determine Pareto fronts and cause different evaluation functionals to prefer opposite directions. These effects explain failures of reconstruction-optimal code re-selection and additive composition. Reading each move at its own midpoint repairs the local selection step and improves downstream accuracy and held-out perplexity, while larger supports require evaluating exact endpoints from the state actually reached. Exact-endpoint beam search finds sparse changes that dominate much larger one-shot updates, and repricing the same moves after intervening changes produces widespread sign reversals. These results show that quantization utility is contextual at the granularity of a few moves: reliable construction must evaluate finite changes along their own paths and compose them from the evolving quantized state.

cs.DB↗