Unsupervised Spoken Term Discovery Based on Re-clustering of Hypothesized Speech Segments with Siamese and Triplet Networks

Abstract

Spoken term discovery from untranscribed speech audio could be achieved via a two-stage process. In the first stage, the unlabelled speech is decoded into a sequence of subword units that are learned and modelled in an unsupervised manner. In the second stage, partial sequence matching and clustering are performed on the decoded subword sequences, resulting in a set of discovered words or phrases. A limitation of this approach is that the results of subword decoding could be erroneous, and the errors would impact the subsequent steps. While Siamese/Triplet network is one approach to learn segment representations that can improve the discovery process, the challenge in spoken term discovery under a complete unsupervised scenario is that training examples are unavailable. In this paper, we propose to generate training examples from initial hypothesized sequence clusters. The Siamese/Triplet network is trained on the hypothesized examples to measure the similarity between two speech segments and hereby perform re-clustering of all hypothesized subword sequences to achieve spoken term discovery. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is effective in obtaining training examples for Siamese and Triplet networks, improving the efficacy of spoken term discovery as compared with the original two-stage method.