Approach to the lower critical dimension of the $\varphi^4$ theory in the derivative expansion of the Functional Renormalization Group

Abstract

We revisit the approach to the lower critical dimension $d_{\rm lc}$ in the Ising-like $\varphi^4$ theory within the functional renormalization group by studying the lowest approximation levels in the derivative expansion of the effective average action. Our goal is to assess how the latter, which provides a generic approximation scheme valid across dimensions and found to be accurate in $d\geq 2$, is able to capture the long-distance physics associated with the expected proliferation of localized excitations near $d_{\rm lc}$. We show that the convergence of the fixed-point effective potential is nonuniform when $d\to d_{\rm lc}$ with the emergence of a boundary layer around the minimum of the potential. This allows us to make analytical predictions for the value of the lower critical dimension $d_{\rm lc}$ and for the behavior of the critical temperature as $d\to d_{\rm lc}$, which are both found in fair agreement with the known results. This confirms the versatility of the theoretical approach.