How heat propagates in liquid $^3$He

Kamran Behnia; Kostya Trachenko

doi:10.1038/s41467-024-46079-0

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arXiv · 2309.00502

How heat propagates in liquid $^3$He

Kamran Behnia·Kostya Trachenko

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Abstract

In Landau's Fermi liquid picture, transport is governed by scattering between quasi-particles. The normal liquid $^3$He conforms to this picture but only at very low temperature. Here, we show that the deviation from the standard behavior is concomitant with the fermion-fermion scattering time falling below the Planckian time, $\frac{\hbar}{k_{\rm B}T}$ and the thermal diffusivity of this quantum liquid is bounded by a minimum set by fundamental physical constants and observed in classical liquids. This points to collective excitations (a sound mode) as carriers of heat. We propose that this mode has a wavevector of 2$k_F$ and a mean free path equal to the de Broglie thermal length. This would provide an additional conducting channel with a $T^{1/2}$ temperature dependence, matching what is observed by experiments. The experimental data from 0.007 K to 3 K can be accounted for, with a margin of 10\%, if thermal conductivity is the sum of two contributions: one by quasi-particles (varying as the inverse of temperature) and and another by sound (following the square root of temperature).

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Kamran Behnia, Kostya Trachenko. 2023-09-01. How heat propagates in liquid $^3$He. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46079-0

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