Photo-thermoelectrics of a distributed Schottky junction system: Delineating the photo and thermal currents

Abstract

Hybrid materials, consisting of diverse materials combined in various configurations, exhibit intriguing opto-electronic properties and are a focal point of research in functional materials. However, achieving precise predictability and tunability of their macroscopic properties in terms of the control parameters remains a challenge. One promising approach involves leveraging self-organization through eutectic growth and subsequent engineering via annealing to engineer niche properties. Here, the electronic properties of eutectic NiTiO$_3$-TiO$_2$ samples and their H$_2$-reduced counterpart Ni-TiO$_2$ are investigated, where the latter features high aspect ratio TiO$_2$ nanostructures decorated with nodular Ni globules. By exploiting this unique architecture and capitalizing on the nanostructuring processes alongside material properties, performance enhancement of photoactive devices is shown. Further, the competing mechanisms of photo-driven and photo-thermal-driven transport is delineated to characterize the overall photo-response of the system. The ability for self-powered functionality further showcases this approach as a promising strategy for developing efficient self-powered devices.