Searching for GEMS: Characterizing Six Giant Planets around Cool Dwarfs

Shubham Kanodia; Arvind F. Gupta; Caleb I. Canas; Lia Marta Bernabo; Varghese Reji; Te Han; Madison Brady; Andreas Seifahrt; William D. Cochran; Nidia Morrell; Ritvik Basant; Jacob Bean; Chad F. Bender; Zoe L. de Beurs; Allyson Bieryla; Alexina Birkholz; Nina Brown; Franklin Chapman; David R. Ciardi; Catherine A. Clark; Ethan G. Cotter; Scott A. Diddams; Samuel Halverson; Suzanne Hawley; Leslie Hebb; Rae Holcomb; Steve B. Howell; Henry A. Kobulnicky; Adam F. Kowalski; Alexander Larsen; Jessica Libby-Roberts; Andrea S. J. Lin; Michael B. Lund; Rafael Luque; Andrew Monson; Joe P. Ninan; Brock A. Parker; Nishka Patel; Michael Rodruck; Gabrielle Ross; Arpita Roy; Christian Schwab; Guðmundur Stefánsson; Aubrie Thoms; Andrew Vanderburg

arXiv · 2408.14694

Searching for GEMS: Characterizing Six Giant Planets around Cool Dwarfs

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Abstract

Transiting giant exoplanets around M-dwarf stars (GEMS) are rare, owing to the low-mass host stars. However, the all-sky coverage of TESS has enabled the detection of an increasingly large number of them to enable statistical surveys like the \textit{Searching for GEMS} survey. As part of this endeavour, we describe the observations of six transiting giant planets, which includes precise mass measurements for two GEMS (K2-419Ab, TOI-6034b) and statistical validation for four systems, which includes validation and mass upper limits for three of them (TOI-5218b, TOI-5616b, TOI-5634Ab), while the fourth one -- TOI-5414b is classified as a `likely planet'. Our observations include radial velocities from the Habitable-zone Planet Finder on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope, and MAROON-X on Gemini-North, along with photometry and high-contrast imaging from multiple ground-based facilities. In addition to TESS photometry, K2-419Ab was also observed and statistically validated as part of the K2 mission in Campaigns 5 and 18, which provides precise orbital and planetary constraints despite the faint host star and long orbital period of $\sim 20.4$ days. With an equilibrium temperature of only 380 K, K2-419Ab is one of the coolest known well-characterized transiting planets. TOI-6034 has a late F-type companion about 40\arcsec~away, making it the first GEMS host star to have an earlier main-sequence binary companion. These confirmations add to the existing small sample of confirmed transiting GEMS.

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Shubham Kanodia, Arvind F. Gupta, Caleb I. Canas, Lia Marta Bernabo, Varghese Reji, Te Han, Madison Brady, Andreas Seifahrt, William D. Cochran, Nidia Morrell, Ritvik Basant, Jacob Bean, Chad F. Bender, Zoe L. de Beurs, Allyson Bieryla, Alexina Birkholz, Nina Brown, Franklin Chapman, David R. Ciardi, Catherine A. Clark, Ethan G. Cotter, Scott A. Diddams, Samuel Halverson, Suzanne Hawley, Leslie Hebb, Rae Holcomb, Steve B. Howell, Henry A. Kobulnicky, Adam F. Kowalski, Alexander Larsen, Jessica Libby-Roberts, Andrea S. J. Lin, Michael B. Lund, Rafael Luque, Andrew Monson, Joe P. Ninan, Brock A. Parker, Nishka Patel, Michael Rodruck, Gabrielle Ross, Arpita Roy, Christian Schwab, Guðmundur Stefánsson, Aubrie Thoms, Andrew Vanderburg. 2024-08-26. Searching for GEMS: Characterizing Six Giant Planets around Cool Dwarfs. https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.14694

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