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arXiv · 2412.16086

Towards Interpretable Radiology Report Generation via Concept Bottlenecks using a Multi-Agentic RAG

Hasan Md Tusfiqur Alam·Devansh Srivastav·Md Abdul Kadir·Daniel Sonntag
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Abstract

Deep learning has advanced medical image classification, but interpretability challenges hinder its clinical adoption. This study enhances interpretability in Chest X-ray (CXR) classification by using concept bottleneck models (CBMs) and a multi-agent Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system for report generation. By modeling relationships between visual features and clinical concepts, we create interpretable concept vectors that guide a multi-agent RAG system to generate radiology reports, enhancing clinical relevance, explainability, and transparency. Evaluation of the generated reports using an LLM-as-a-judge confirmed the interpretability and clinical utility of our model's outputs. On the COVID-QU dataset, our model achieved 81% classification accuracy and demonstrated robust report generation performance, with five key metrics ranging between 84% and 90%. This interpretable multi-agent framework bridges the gap between high-performance AI and the explainability required for reliable AI-driven CXR analysis in clinical settings. Our code is available at https://github.com/tifat58/IRR-with-CBM-RAG.git.

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Hasan Md Tusfiqur Alam, Devansh Srivastav, Md Abdul Kadir, Daniel Sonntag. 2024-12-20. Towards Interpretable Radiology Report Generation via Concept Bottlenecks using a Multi-Agentic RAG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-88714-7_18

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