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arXiv · 2504.06479

Holistic Fusion: Task- and Setup-Agnostic Robot Localization and State Estimation with Factor Graphs

Julian Nubert·Turcan Tuna·Jonas Frey·Cesar Cadena·Katherine J. Kuchenbecker·Shehryar Khattak·Marco Hutter
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Abstract

Seamless operation of mobile robots in challenging environments requires low-latency local motion estimation and accurate global localization. While most sensor-fusion approaches are designed for specific scenarios, this work introduces a flexible open-source solution for task- and setup-agnostic multimodal sensor fusion distinguished by its generality and usability. Holistic Fusion formulates sensor fusion as a combined estimation problem of i) the local and global robot state and ii) a (theoretically unlimited) number of dynamic variables, including automatic alignment of reference frames; this formulation fits countless real-world applications without conceptual modifications, offering a comprehensive solution beyond hard-coded/task-specific approaches. The proposed factor-graph formulation enables direct fusion of an arbitrary number of absolute, local, and landmark measurements expressed with respect to different frames by explicitly including them as states in the optimization and modeling their evolution as random walks. Moreover, local smoothness and consistency receive particular attention to prevent estimation jumps. Holistic Fusion enables low-latency and smooth online state estimation on typical robot hardware while simultaneously providing low-drift global localization at the IMU measurement rate. The efficacy of this released framework [1] is demonstrated in five real-world scenarios on three robotic platforms with distinct task requirements, highlighting the advantages of fusing multiple absolute measurement types [2]. [1] Code: https://github.com/leggedrobotics/holistic_fusion [2] Project: https://leggedrobotics.github.io/holistic_fusion

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Julian Nubert, Turcan Tuna, Jonas Frey, Cesar Cadena, Katherine J. Kuchenbecker, Shehryar Khattak, Marco Hutter. 2025-04-08. Holistic Fusion: Task- and Setup-Agnostic Robot Localization and State Estimation with Factor Graphs. https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2026.3714645

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