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arXiv · 2505.02943

Photometry and Spectroscopy of SN 2024pxl: A Luminosity Link Among Type Iax Supernovae

Mridweeka Singh·Lindsey A. Kwok·Saurabh W. Jha·R. Dastidar·Conor Larison·Alexei V. Filippenko·Jennifer E. Andrews·Moira Andrews·G. C. Anupama·Prasiddha Arunachalam·Katie Auchettl·Dominik BÁnhidi·Barnabas Barna·K. Azalee Bostroem·Thomas G. Brink·RÉgis Cartier·Ping Chen·Collin T. Christy·David A. Coulter·Sofia Covarrubias·Kyle W. Davis·Connor B. Dickinson·Yize Dong·Joseph Farah·Andreas FlÖrs·Ryan J. Foley·Noah Franz·Christoffer Fremling·LluÍs Galbany·Anjasha Gangopadhyay·Aarna Garg·Elinor L. Gates·Or Graur·Alexa C. Gordon·Daichi Hiramatsu·Emily Hoang·D. Andrew Howell·Brian Hsu·Joel Johansson·Arti Joshi·Lordrick A. Kahinga·Ravjit Kaur·Sahana Kumar·Piramon Kumnurdmanee·Hanindyo Kuncarayakti·Natalie Lebaron·C. Lidman·Chang Liu·Keiichi Maeda·Kate Maguire·Bailey Martin·Curtis Mccully·Darshana Mehta·Luca M. Menotti·Anne J. Metevier·A. A. Miller·Kuntal Misra·C. Tanner Murphey·Megan Newsome·Estefania Padilla Gonzalez·Kishore C. Patra·Jeniveve Pearson·Anthony L. Piro·Abigail Polin·Aravind P. Ravi·Armin Rest·Nabeel Rehemtulla·Nicolas Meza Retamal·O. M. Robinson·CÉsar Rojas-Bravo·Devendra K. Sahu·David J. Sand·Brian P. Schmidt·Steve Schulze·Michaela Schwab·Manisha Shrestha·Matthew R. Siebert·Sunil Simha·Nathan Smith·Jesper Sollerman·Shubham Srivastav·Bhagya M. Subrayan·TamÁs Szalai·Kirsty Taggart·Rishabh Singh Teja·Jacco H. Terwel·Samaporn Tinyanont·Stefano Valenti·JÓzsef VinkÓ·Aya L. Westerling·J. Craig Wheeler·Yi Yang·Weikang Zheng

Abstract

We present extensive ultraviolet to optical photometric and optical to near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic follow-up observations of the nearby intermediate-luminosity ($M_V = -16.81\pm0.19$~mag) Type Iax supernova (SN) 2024pxl in NGC 6384. SN~2024pxl exhibits a faster light curve than the high-luminosity members of this class, and slower than low-luminosity events. The observationally well-constrained rise time of $\sim$11 days and an estimated synthesized $^{56}$Ni mass of 0.03\, M$_\odot$, based on analytical modeling of the integrated spectral energy distribution light curve, are consistent with models of the weak deflagration of a carbon-oxygen white dwarf. Our optical spectral sequence of SN~2024pxl shows weak \ion{Si}{2} lines and spectral evolution similar to other high-luminosity Type Iax SNe, but also a prominent early-time \ion{C}{2} line, like lower-luminosity Type Iax SNe. The late-time optical spectrum of SN~2024pxl closely matches that of SN~2014dt, and its NIR spectral evolution aligns with that of other well-studied, high-luminosity Type Iax SNe. The spectral-line expansion velocities of SN~2024pxl are at the lower end of the Type Iax SN velocity distribution, and the velocity distribution of iron-group elements compared to intermediate-mass elements suggests that the ejecta are mixed on large scales, as expected in pure deflagration models. SN~2024pxl exhibits characteristics intermediate between those of high-luminosity and low-luminosity Type~Iax SNe, further establishing a link across this diverse class.

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Mridweeka Singh, Lindsey A. Kwok, Saurabh W. Jha, R. Dastidar, Conor Larison, Alexei V. Filippenko, Jennifer E. Andrews, Moira Andrews, G. C. Anupama, Prasiddha Arunachalam, Katie Auchettl, Dominik BÁnhidi, Barnabas Barna, K. Azalee Bostroem, Thomas G. Brink, RÉgis Cartier, Ping Chen, Collin T. Christy, David A. Coulter, Sofia Covarrubias, Kyle W. Davis, Connor B. Dickinson, Yize Dong, Joseph Farah, Andreas FlÖrs, Ryan J. Foley, Noah Franz, Christoffer Fremling, LluÍs Galbany, Anjasha Gangopadhyay, Aarna Garg, Elinor L. Gates, Or Graur, Alexa C. Gordon, Daichi Hiramatsu, Emily Hoang, D. Andrew Howell, Brian Hsu, Joel Johansson, Arti Joshi, Lordrick A. Kahinga, Ravjit Kaur, Sahana Kumar, Piramon Kumnurdmanee, Hanindyo Kuncarayakti, Natalie Lebaron, C. Lidman, Chang Liu, Keiichi Maeda, Kate Maguire, Bailey Martin, Curtis Mccully, Darshana Mehta, Luca M. Menotti, Anne J. Metevier, A. A. Miller, Kuntal Misra, C. Tanner Murphey, Megan Newsome, Estefania Padilla Gonzalez, Kishore C. Patra, Jeniveve Pearson, Anthony L. Piro, Abigail Polin, Aravind P. Ravi, Armin Rest, Nabeel Rehemtulla, Nicolas Meza Retamal, O. M. Robinson, CÉsar Rojas-Bravo, Devendra K. Sahu, David J. Sand, Brian P. Schmidt, Steve Schulze, Michaela Schwab, Manisha Shrestha, Matthew R. Siebert, Sunil Simha, Nathan Smith, Jesper Sollerman, Shubham Srivastav, Bhagya M. Subrayan, TamÁs Szalai, Kirsty Taggart, Rishabh Singh Teja, Jacco H. Terwel, Samaporn Tinyanont, Stefano Valenti, JÓzsef VinkÓ, Aya L. Westerling, J. Craig Wheeler, Yi Yang, Weikang Zheng. 2025-05-05. Photometry and Spectroscopy of SN 2024pxl: A Luminosity Link Among Type Iax Supernovae. https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.02943

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