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arXiv · 2505.09036

Hardware-aware Compilation for Chip-to-Chip Coupler-Connected Modular Quantum Systems

Zefan Du·Shuwen Kan·Samuel Stein·Zhiding Liang·Ang Li·Ying Mao
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Abstract

As quantum processors scale, monolithic architectures face growing challenges due to limited qubit density, heterogeneous error profiles, and restricted connectivity. Modular quantum systems, enabled by chip-to-chip coupler-connected modular architectures, provide a scalable alternative. However, existing quantum compilers fail to accommodate this new architecture. We introduce CCMap, a circuit-compiler co-design framework that enhances existing quantum compilers with system-level coordination across modular chips. It leverages calibration data and introduces a coupler-aligned and noise-aware cost metric to evaluate circuit compilation. CCMap integrates with existing compilers by partitioning circuits into subcircuits compiled on individual chips, followed by a global mapping step to minimize the total cost. We evaluated CCMap on IBM-Q noisy emulators using real hardware calibrations across various coupler-connected topologies. Results show that CCMap improves circuit fidelity by up to 21.9%, representing a 30% increase, and reduces compilation cost by up to 58.6% over state-of-the-art baselines. These findings highlight CCMap's potential to enable scalable, high-fidelity execution in coupler-connected modular quantum systems.

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Zefan Du, Shuwen Kan, Samuel Stein, Zhiding Liang, Ang Li, Ying Mao. 2025-05-14. Hardware-aware Compilation for Chip-to-Chip Coupler-Connected Modular Quantum Systems. https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.09036

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