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arXiv · 2507.09624

CAN-Trace Attack: Exploit CAN Messages to Uncover Driving Trajectories

Xiaojie Lin·Baihe Ma·Xu Wang·Guangsheng Yu·Ying He·Wei Ni·Ren Ping Liu
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Abstract

Driving trajectory data remains vulnerable to privacy breaches despite existing mitigation measures. Traditional methods for detecting driving trajectories typically rely on map-matching the path using Global Positioning System (GPS) data, which is susceptible to GPS data outage. This paper introduces CAN-Trace, a novel privacy attack mechanism that leverages Controller Area Network (CAN) messages to uncover driving trajectories, posing a significant risk to drivers' long-term privacy. A new trajectory reconstruction algorithm is proposed to transform the CAN messages, specifically vehicle speed and accelerator pedal position, into weighted graphs accommodating various driving statuses. CAN-Trace identifies driving trajectories using graph-matching algorithms applied to the created graphs in comparison to road networks. We also design a new metric to evaluate matched candidates, which allows for potential data gaps and matching inaccuracies. Empirical validation under various real-world conditions, encompassing different vehicles and driving regions, demonstrates the efficacy of CAN-Trace: it achieves an attack success rate of up to 90.59% in the urban region, and 99.41% in the suburban region.

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Xiaojie Lin, Baihe Ma, Xu Wang, Guangsheng Yu, Ying He, Wei Ni, Ren Ping Liu. 2025-07-13. CAN-Trace Attack: Exploit CAN Messages to Uncover Driving Trajectories. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2025.3532455

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