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arXiv · 2507.22939

PARROT: An Open Multilingual Radiology Reports Dataset

Bastien Le Guellec·Kokou Adambounou·Lisa C Adams·Thibault Agripnidis·Sung Soo Ahn·Radhia Ait Chalal·Tugba Akinci D Antonoli·Philippe Amouyel·Henrik Andersson·Raphael Bentegeac·Claudio Benzoni·Antonino Andrea Blandino·Felix Busch·Elif Can·Riccardo Cau·Armando Ugo Cavallo·Christelle Chavihot·Erwin Chiquete·Renato Cuocolo·Eugen Divjak·Gordana Ivanac·Barbara Dziadkowiec Macek·Armel Elogne·Salvatore Claudio Fanni·Carlos Ferrarotti·Claudia Fossataro·Federica Fossataro·Katarzyna Fulek·Michal Fulek·Pawel Gac·Martyna Gachowska·Ignacio Garcia Juarez·Marco Gatti·Natalia Gorelik·Alexia Maria Goulianou·Aghiles Hamroun·Nicolas Herinirina·Krzysztof Kraik·Dominik Krupka·Quentin Holay·Felipe Kitamura·Michail E Klontzas·Anna Kompanowska·Rafal Kompanowski·Alexandre Lefevre·Tristan Lemke·Maximilian Lindholz·Lukas Muller·Piotr Macek·Marcus Makowski·Luigi Mannacio·Aymen Meddeb·Antonio Natale·Beatrice Nguema Edzang·Adriana Ojeda·Yae Won Park·Federica Piccione·Andrea Ponsiglione·Malgorzata Poreba·Rafal Poreba·Philipp Prucker·Jean Pierre Pruvo·Rosa Alba Pugliesi·Feno Hasina Rabemanorintsoa·Vasileios Rafailidis·Katarzyna Resler·Jan Rotkegel·Luca Saba·Ezann Siebert·Arnaldo Stanzione·Ali Fuat Tekin·Liz Toapanta Yanchapaxi·Matthaios Triantafyllou·Ekaterini Tsaoulia·Evangelia Vassalou·Federica Vernuccio·Johan Wasselius·Weilang Wang·Szymon Urban·Adrian Wlodarczak·Szymon Wlodarczak·Andrzej Wysocki·Lina Xu·Tomasz Zatonski·Shuhang Zhang·Sebastian Ziegelmayer·Gregory Kuchcinski·Keno K Bressem
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Abstract

Rationale and Objectives: To develop and validate PARROT (Polyglottal Annotated Radiology Reports for Open Testing), a large, multicentric, open-access dataset of fictional radiology reports spanning multiple languages for testing natural language processing applications in radiology. Materials and Methods: From May to September 2024, radiologists were invited to contribute fictional radiology reports following their standard reporting practices. Contributors provided at least 20 reports with associated metadata including anatomical region, imaging modality, clinical context, and for non-English reports, English translations. All reports were assigned ICD-10 codes. A human vs. AI report differentiation study was conducted with 154 participants (radiologists, healthcare professionals, and non-healthcare professionals) assessing whether reports were human-authored or AI-generated. Results: The dataset comprises 2,658 radiology reports from 76 authors across 21 countries and 13 languages. Reports cover multiple imaging modalities (CT: 36.1%, MRI: 22.8%, radiography: 19.0%, ultrasound: 16.8%) and anatomical regions, with chest (19.9%), abdomen (18.6%), head (17.3%), and pelvis (14.1%) being most prevalent. In the differentiation study, participants achieved 53.9% accuracy (95% CI: 50.7%-57.1%) in distinguishing between human and AI-generated reports, with radiologists performing significantly better (56.9%, 95% CI: 53.3%-60.6%, p<0.05) than other groups. Conclusion: PARROT represents the largest open multilingual radiology report dataset, enabling development and validation of natural language processing applications across linguistic, geographic, and clinical boundaries without privacy constraints.

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Bastien Le Guellec, Kokou Adambounou, Lisa C Adams, Thibault Agripnidis, Sung Soo Ahn, Radhia Ait Chalal, Tugba Akinci D Antonoli, Philippe Amouyel, Henrik Andersson, Raphael Bentegeac, Claudio Benzoni, Antonino Andrea Blandino, Felix Busch, Elif Can, Riccardo Cau, Armando Ugo Cavallo, Christelle Chavihot, Erwin Chiquete, Renato Cuocolo, Eugen Divjak, Gordana Ivanac, Barbara Dziadkowiec Macek, Armel Elogne, Salvatore Claudio Fanni, Carlos Ferrarotti, Claudia Fossataro, Federica Fossataro, Katarzyna Fulek, Michal Fulek, Pawel Gac, Martyna Gachowska, Ignacio Garcia Juarez, Marco Gatti, Natalia Gorelik, Alexia Maria Goulianou, Aghiles Hamroun, Nicolas Herinirina, Krzysztof Kraik, Dominik Krupka, Quentin Holay, Felipe Kitamura, Michail E Klontzas, Anna Kompanowska, Rafal Kompanowski, Alexandre Lefevre, Tristan Lemke, Maximilian Lindholz, Lukas Muller, Piotr Macek, Marcus Makowski, Luigi Mannacio, Aymen Meddeb, Antonio Natale, Beatrice Nguema Edzang, Adriana Ojeda, Yae Won Park, Federica Piccione, Andrea Ponsiglione, Malgorzata Poreba, Rafal Poreba, Philipp Prucker, Jean Pierre Pruvo, Rosa Alba Pugliesi, Feno Hasina Rabemanorintsoa, Vasileios Rafailidis, Katarzyna Resler, Jan Rotkegel, Luca Saba, Ezann Siebert, Arnaldo Stanzione, Ali Fuat Tekin, Liz Toapanta Yanchapaxi, Matthaios Triantafyllou, Ekaterini Tsaoulia, Evangelia Vassalou, Federica Vernuccio, Johan Wasselius, Weilang Wang, Szymon Urban, Adrian Wlodarczak, Szymon Wlodarczak, Andrzej Wysocki, Lina Xu, Tomasz Zatonski, Shuhang Zhang, Sebastian Ziegelmayer, Gregory Kuchcinski, Keno K Bressem. 2025-07-25. PARROT: An Open Multilingual Radiology Reports Dataset. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22939

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