SN 2023uqf: An Interacting Supernova Coincident with a High-Energy Neutrino

Robert Stein; Anna Y. Q. Ho; Anjasha Gangopadhyay; Tomas Ahumada; Mansi M. Kasliwal; Jannis Necker; Simeon Reusch; Marek Kowalski; Anna Franckowiak; Jesper Sollerman; Kohta Murase; Igor Andreoni; Eric C. Bellm; Joshua Bloom; Sean J. Brennan; Liam Connor; Michael W. Coughlin; Richard Dekany; Andrew Drake; Christoffer Fremling; Ariel Goobar; Matthew J. Graham; Steven L. Groom; Theophile Jegou du Laz; Daniel Perley; Priscila J. Pessi; Josiah Purdum; Brendan O'Connor; Steve Schulze; Gokul P. Srinivasaragavan; Sylvain Veilleux; Avery Wold; Lin Yan

arXiv · 2508.08355

SN 2023uqf: An Interacting Supernova Coincident with a High-Energy Neutrino

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Abstract

Astrophysical high-energy (TeV-PeV) neutrinos were first discovered in 2013, but their origin remains largely unknown. Here we present SN 2023uqf, a supernova found in coincidence with high-energy neutrino IC231004A, as part of a systematic optical follow-up program with the Zwicky Transient Facility. SN 2023uqf had a luminous and rapidly-evolving lightcurve, and spectroscopic observations indicated that the source was a Type Ibn supernova. Spectroscopic signatures confirm ongoing interaction between the supernova ejecta and a dense circumstellar medium, as expected for high-energy neutrino production in a core-collapse supernova. Given the rare nature of Type Ibn supernovae, SN 2023uqf is unlikely to have been discovered by chance over the course of our program (p=0.3%). Our discovery of SN 2023uqf provides the first observational evidence to support long-held theories that interacting supernovae can serve as cosmic hadron accelerators.

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Robert Stein, Anna Y. Q. Ho, Anjasha Gangopadhyay, Tomas Ahumada, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Jannis Necker, Simeon Reusch, Marek Kowalski, Anna Franckowiak, Jesper Sollerman, Kohta Murase, Igor Andreoni, Eric C. Bellm, Joshua Bloom, Sean J. Brennan, Liam Connor, Michael W. Coughlin, Richard Dekany, Andrew Drake, Christoffer Fremling, Ariel Goobar, Matthew J. Graham, Steven L. Groom, Theophile Jegou du Laz, Daniel Perley, Priscila J. Pessi, Josiah Purdum, Brendan O'Connor, Steve Schulze, Gokul P. Srinivasaragavan, Sylvain Veilleux, Avery Wold, Lin Yan. 2025-08-11. SN 2023uqf: An Interacting Supernova Coincident with a High-Energy Neutrino. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.08355

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