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arXiv · 2508.09296

Secure authentication via Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions: a review

Pol Julià Farré·Vladlen Galetsky·Mohamed Belhassen·Gregor Pieplow·Kumar Nilesh·Holger Boche·Tim Schröder·Janis Nötzel·Christian Deppe
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Abstract

Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions (QPUFs) offer a physically grounded approach to secure authentication, extending the capabilities of classical PUFs. This review covers their theoretical foundations and key implementation challenges - such as quantum memories and Haar-randomness -, and distinguishes QPUFs from Quantum Readout PUFs (QR-PUFs), more experimentally accessible yet less robust against quantum-capable adversaries. A co-citation-based selection method is employed to trace the evolution of QPUF architectures, from early QR-PUFs to more recent Hybrid PUFs (HPUFs). This method further supports a discussion on the role of information-theoretic analysis in mitigating inconsistencies in QPUF responses, underscoring the deep connection between secret-key generation and authentication. Despite notable advances, achieving practical and robust QPUF-based authentication remains an open challenge.

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Pol Julià Farré, Vladlen Galetsky, Mohamed Belhassen, Gregor Pieplow, Kumar Nilesh, Holger Boche, Tim Schröder, Janis Nötzel, Christian Deppe. 2025-08-12. Secure authentication via Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions: a review. https://doi.org/10.1002/qute.202500648

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