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arXiv · 2510.00395

SAGE-Music: Low-Latency Symbolic Music Generation via Attribute-Specialized Key-Value Head Sharing

Jiaye Tan·Haonan Luo·Linfeng Song·Shuaiqi Chen·Yishan Lyu·Zian Zhong·Roujia Wang·Daniel Jiang·Haoran Zhang·Jiaming Bai·Haoran Cheng·Q. Vera Liao·Hao-Wen Dong
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Abstract

Low-latency symbolic music generation is essential for real-time improvisation and human-AI co-creation. Existing transformer-based models, however, face a trade-off between inference speed and musical quality. Traditional acceleration techniques such as embedding pooling significantly degrade quality, while recently proposed Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) methods - though effective on single-track piano data - suffer large performance drops in multi-track settings, as revealed by our analysis. We propose Attribute-Specialized Key-Value Head Sharing (AS-KVHS), adapted to music's structured symbolic representation, achieving about 30% inference speedup with only a negligible (about 0.4%) quality drop in objective evaluations and slight improvements in subjective listening tests. Our main contributions are (1) the first systematic study of BPE's generalizability in multi-track symbolic music, and (2) the introduction of AS-KVHS for low-latency symbolic music generation. Beyond these, we also release SAGE-Music, an open-source benchmark that matches or surpasses state-of-the-art models in generation quality.

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BibTeXRIS

Jiaye Tan, Haonan Luo, Linfeng Song, Shuaiqi Chen, Yishan Lyu, Zian Zhong, Roujia Wang, Daniel Jiang, Haoran Zhang, Jiaming Bai, Haoran Cheng, Q. Vera Liao, Hao-Wen Dong. 2025-10-01. SAGE-Music: Low-Latency Symbolic Music Generation via Attribute-Specialized Key-Value Head Sharing. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00395

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