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arXiv · 2510.10676

Bhasha-Rupantarika: Algorithm-Hardware Co-design approach for Multilingual Neural Machine Translation

Mukul Lokhande·Tanushree Dewangan·Mohd Sharik Mansoori·Tejas Chaudhari·Akarsh J.·Damayanti Lokhande·Adam Teman·Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma
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Abstract

This paper introduces Bhasha-Rupantarika, a light and efficient multilingual translation system tailored through algorithm-hardware codesign for resource-limited settings. The method investigates model deployment at sub-octet precision levels (FP8, INT8, INT4, and FP4), with experimental results indicating a 4.1x reduction in model size (FP4) and a 4.2x speedup in inference speed, which correlates with an increased throughput of 66 tokens/s (improvement by 4.8x). This underscores the importance of ultra-low precision quantization for real-time deployment in IoT devices using FPGA accelerators, achieving performance on par with expectations. Our evaluation covers bidirectional translation between Indian and international languages, showcasing its adaptability in low-resource linguistic contexts. The FPGA deployment demonstrated a 1.96x reduction in LUTs and a 1.65x decrease in FFs, resulting in a 2.2x enhancement in throughput compared to OPU and a 4.6x enhancement compared to HPTA. Overall, the evaluation provides a viable solution based on quantisation-aware translation along with hardware efficiency suitable for deployable multilingual AI systems. The entire codes [https://github.com/mukullokhande99/Bhasha-Rupantarika/] and dataset for reproducibility are publicly available, facilitating rapid integration and further development by researchers.

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BibTeXRIS

Mukul Lokhande, Tanushree Dewangan, Mohd Sharik Mansoori, Tejas Chaudhari, Akarsh J., Damayanti Lokhande, Adam Teman, Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma. 2025-10-12. Bhasha-Rupantarika: Algorithm-Hardware Co-design approach for Multilingual Neural Machine Translation. https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed69900.2026.11534749

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