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arXiv · 2511.12589

Tomography of high-twist proton structure through $ep$ elastic scattering

Ji-Xin Yu·Shan Cheng·Jia-Jie Han·Hsiang-nan Li·Fu-Sheng Yu
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Abstract

We present the first high-twist study of the proton form factors $F_{1,2}(Q^2)$ in $ep$ elastic scattering based on the perturbative QCD $k_T$ factorization, $Q^2$ being momentum transfer squared. It is motivated by unexpectedly large higher-power contributions from subleading-twist light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs), which are attributed to the enhancement in endpoint regions of parton momentum fractions. We highlight that the endpoint enhancement, tamed by the $k_T$ resummation effect, is crucial for accommodating the approximate scaling behavior of the $Q^4F_1(Q^2)$ data at intermediate $Q^2\sim {\cal O}(10)$ GeV$^2$. The proton LCDAs up to twist 6 are then extracted, and verified by the charge-parity asymmetries observed in hadronic heavy baryon decays. Our work provides new insights into the proton three-dimensional structure and manifests the precision requirement for reliable perturbative analyses of baryonic exclusive processes.

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Ji-Xin Yu, Shan Cheng, Jia-Jie Han, Hsiang-nan Li, Fu-Sheng Yu. 2025-11-16. Tomography of high-twist proton structure through $ep$ elastic scattering. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.12589

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