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arXiv · 2511.13169

TCM-5CEval: Extended Deep Evaluation Benchmark for LLM's Comprehensive Clinical Research Competence in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Tianai Huang·Jiayuan Chen·Lu Lu·Pengcheng Chen·Tianbin Li·Bing Han·Wenchao Tang·Jie Xu·Ming Li
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Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in general domains, yet their application in highly specialized and culturally-rich fields like Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) requires rigorous and nuanced evaluation. Building upon prior foundational work such as TCM-3CEval, which highlighted systemic knowledge gaps and the importance of cultural-contextual alignment, we introduce TCM-5CEval, a more granular and comprehensive benchmark. TCM-5CEval is designed to assess LLMs across five critical dimensions: (1) Core Knowledge (TCM-Exam), (2) Classical Literacy (TCM-LitQA), (3) Clinical Decision-making (TCM-MRCD), (4) Chinese Materia Medica (TCM-CMM), and (5) Clinical Non-pharmacological Therapy (TCM-ClinNPT). We conducted a thorough evaluation of fifteen prominent LLMs, revealing significant performance disparities and identifying top-performing models like deepseek\_r1 and gemini\_2\_5\_pro. Our findings show that while models exhibit proficiency in recalling foundational knowledge, they struggle with the interpretative complexities of classical texts. Critically, permutation-based consistency testing reveals widespread fragilities in model inference. All evaluated models, including the highest-scoring ones, displayed a substantial performance degradation when faced with varied question option ordering, indicating a pervasive sensitivity to positional bias and a lack of robust understanding. TCM-5CEval not only provides a more detailed diagnostic tool for LLM capabilities in TCM but aldso exposes fundamental weaknesses in their reasoning stability. To promote further research and standardized comparison, TCM-5CEval has been uploaded to the Medbench platform, joining its predecessor in the "In-depth Challenge for Comprehensive TCM Abilities" special track.

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Tianai Huang, Jiayuan Chen, Lu Lu, Pengcheng Chen, Tianbin Li, Bing Han, Wenchao Tang, Jie Xu, Ming Li. 2025-11-17. TCM-5CEval: Extended Deep Evaluation Benchmark for LLM's Comprehensive Clinical Research Competence in Traditional Chinese Medicine. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13169

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