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arXiv · 2512.06086

Generalized tension metrics for multiple cosmological datasets

Matías Leizerovich·Susana J. Landau·Claudia G. Scóccola
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Abstract

We introduce a novel estimator to quantify statistical tensions among multiple cosmological datasets simultaneously. This estimator generalizes the Difference-in-Means statistic, $Q_{\rm DM}$, to the multi-dataset regime. Our framework enables the detection of dominant tension directions in the shared parameter space. It further provides a geometric interpretation of the tension for the two- and three-dataset cases in two dimensions. According to this approach, the previously reported increase in tension between DESI and Planck from $1.9\sigma$ (DR1) to $2.3\sigma$(DR2) is reinterpreted as a more modest shift from $1.18\sigma^{\rm eff}$ (DR1) to $1.45\sigma^{\rm eff}$ (DR2). These new tools may also prove valuable across research fields where dataset discrepancies arise.

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Matías Leizerovich, Susana J. Landau, Claudia G. Scóccola. 2025-12-05. Generalized tension metrics for multiple cosmological datasets. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.06086

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