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arXiv · 2512.14382

Design and Evaluation of a PMT High-Voltage system for Deepsea Neutrino Telescope

Zhu Mao·Shasha Liu·Ruike Cao·Hengbin Shao·Yaowei Guo·Sirui Wang·Fuyudi Zhang·Haoyan Zhang·Tailin Zhu·Yixi Jiang·Hao Zhou·Xin Xiang·Lei Wang
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Abstract

We present the design and characterization of a Cockcroft--Walton (CW) high-voltage (HV) system developed for deep-sea neutrino telescopes. The system provides independently adjustable bias voltages for 31 three-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) housed in a hybrid Digital Optical Module (hDOM). We describe the system architecture, control logic, and laboratory test procedures, and report the combined PMT--base performance in terms of baseline stability, gain uniformity, and timing accuracy under conditions designed to emulate the deep-sea environment. Baseline measurements show low and stable electronic noise. Gain calibrations based on single-photoelectron spectra demonstrate that all PMTs can be tuned to a common nominal gain and remain stable over multi-day operation. Transit-time-spread measurements yield values below 1.8~ns (FWHM), consistent with manufacturer specifications. These results indicate that the CW-based HV system provides the stability and timing precision required for deep-sea multi-PMT optical modules.

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Zhu Mao, Shasha Liu, Ruike Cao, Hengbin Shao, Yaowei Guo, Sirui Wang, Fuyudi Zhang, Haoyan Zhang, Tailin Zhu, Yixi Jiang, Hao Zhou, Xin Xiang, Lei Wang. 2025-12-16. Design and Evaluation of a PMT High-Voltage system for Deepsea Neutrino Telescope. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14382

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