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arXiv · 2512.17777

Irreversible thermalization vs reversible dynamics mediated by anomalous correlators: Wave turbulence theory and experiments in optical fibers

T. Torres·J. Garnier·L. Zanaglia·M. Ferraro·C. Michel·V. Doya·J. Fatome·B. Kibler·S. Wabnitz·A. Picozzi·G. Millot
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Abstract

We theoretically and experimentally investigate spontaneous self-organization in a conservative (Hamiltonian) turbulent wave system, operating far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Our system is governed by two coherently coupled nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations, describing the polarization evolution of light in a dispersive nonlinear optical fiber. The analysis reveals the emergence of two fundamentally distinct turbulent regimes. In a first regime, the waves undergo a slow, irreversible thermalization process, which is accurately described by the wave turbulence kinetic equation and the associated H-theorem of entropy growth. In stark contrast with this expected irreversible process, we identify a second different regime, where strong phase-correlations spontaneously emerge, giving rise to a fast reversible oscillatory dynamics of the normal correlator and anomalous phase-correlator. Experimental observations confirm the occurrence of both irreversible thermalization and reversible dynamics mediated by the anomalous correlated fluctuations.

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T. Torres, J. Garnier, L. Zanaglia, M. Ferraro, C. Michel, V. Doya, J. Fatome, B. Kibler, S. Wabnitz, A. Picozzi, G. Millot. 2025-12-19. Irreversible thermalization vs reversible dynamics mediated by anomalous correlators: Wave turbulence theory and experiments in optical fibers. https://doi.org/10.1103/tgtw-qnyq

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