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arXiv · 2601.13188

Large Language Lovers: Lived Experiences of Negotiating Agency and Platform Control in AI Companionship

Patrick Yung Kang Lee·Jessica Y. Bo·Zixin Zhao·Paula Akemi Aoyagui·Matthew Varona·Ashton Anderson·Anastasia Kuzminykh·Fanny Chevalier·Carolina Nobre
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Abstract

Individuals are turning to increasingly anthropomorphic, general-purpose chatbots for AI companionship, rather than roleplay-specific platforms. However, not much is known about how individuals perceive and conduct their relationships with general-purpose chatbots. We triangulated community discussions on Reddit (41k+ posts and comments), survey responses (n=43), and semi-structured interviews (n=13) which revealed internal dynamics, external influences, and steering strategies that shape AI companion relationships. We learned that individuals conceptualize their companions based on an interplay of their beliefs about the companion's own agency and the autonomy permitted by the platform, how they pursue interactions with the companion, and the perceived initiatives that the companion takes. In combination with the external factors that affect relationship dynamics, particularly model updates that can derail companion behaviour and stability, individuals make use of different types of steering strategies to preserve their relationship, for example, by setting behavioural instructions or porting to other AI platforms. We discuss implications for accountability and transparency in AI systems, where emotional connection competes with broader product objectives and safety constraints.

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Patrick Yung Kang Lee, Jessica Y. Bo, Zixin Zhao, Paula Akemi Aoyagui, Matthew Varona, Ashton Anderson, Anastasia Kuzminykh, Fanny Chevalier, Carolina Nobre. 2026-01-19. Large Language Lovers: Lived Experiences of Negotiating Agency and Platform Control in AI Companionship. https://doi.org/10.1145/3805689.3806746

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