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arXiv · 2601.14289

RPC-Bench: A Fine-grained Benchmark for Research Paper Comprehension

Yelin Chen·Fanjin Zhang·Suping Sun·Yunhe Pang·Yuanchun Wang·Jian Song·Xiaoyan Li·Lei Hou·Shu Zhao·Jie Tang·Juanzi Li
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Abstract

Understanding research papers remains challenging for foundation models due to specialized scientific discourse and complex figures and tables, yet existing benchmarks offer limited fine-grained evaluation at scale. To address this gap, we introduce RPC-Bench, a large-scale question-answering benchmark built from review-rebuttal exchanges of high-quality computer science papers, containing 15K human-verified QA pairs. We design a fine-grained taxonomy aligned with the scientific research flow to assess models' ability to understand and answer why, what, and how questions in scholarly contexts. We also define an elaborate LLM-human interaction annotation framework to support large-scale labeling and quality control. Following the LLM-as-a-Judge paradigm, we develop a scalable framework that evaluates models on correctness-completeness and conciseness, with high agreement to human judgment. Experiments reveal that even the strongest models (GPT-5) achieve only 68.2% correctness-completeness, dropping to 37.46% after conciseness adjustment, highlighting substantial gaps in precise academic paper understanding. Our code and data are available at https://rpc-bench.github.io/.

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Yelin Chen, Fanjin Zhang, Suping Sun, Yunhe Pang, Yuanchun Wang, Jian Song, Xiaoyan Li, Lei Hou, Shu Zhao, Jie Tang, Juanzi Li. 2026-01-14. RPC-Bench: A Fine-grained Benchmark for Research Paper Comprehension. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.14289

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