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arXiv · 2602.09756

Discrete equations from B\"{a}cklund transformations of the fifth Painlev\'{e} equation

Peter A. Clarkson·Clare Dunning·Ben Mitchell
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Abstract

In this paper discrete equations are derived from B\"{a}cklund transformations of the fifth Painlev\'{e} equation, including a new discrete equation which has ternary symmetry. There are two classes of rational solutions of the fifth Painlev\'{e} equation, one expressed in terms of the generalised Laguerre polynomials and the other in terms of the generalised Umemura polynomials, both of which can be expressed as Wronskians of Laguerre polynomials. Hierarchies of rational solutions of the discrete equations are derived in terms of the generalised Laguerre and generalised Umemura polynomials. It is known that there is nonuniqueness of some rational solutions of the fifth Painlev\'{e} equation. Pairs of nonunique rational solutions are used to derive distinct hierarchies of rational solutions which satisfy the same discrete equation.

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Peter A. Clarkson, Clare Dunning, Ben Mitchell. 2026-02-10. Discrete equations from B\"{a}cklund transformations of the fifth Painlev\'{e} equation. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11040-026-09571-1

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