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arXiv · 2603.02050

"When to Hand Off, When to Work Together": Expanding Human-Agent Co-Creative Collaboration through Concurrent Interaction

Kihoon Son·Hyewon Lee·DaEun Choi·Yoonsu Kim·Tae Soo Kim·Yoonjoo Lee·John Joon Young Chung·HyunJoon Jung·Juho Kim
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Abstract

As agents move into shared workspaces and their execution becomes visible, human-agent collaboration faces a fundamental shift from sequential delegation to concurrent co-creation. This raises a new coordination problem: what interaction patterns emerge, and what agent capabilities are required to support them? Study 1 (N=10) revealed that process visibility naturally prompted concurrent intervention, but exposed a critical capability gap: agents lacked the collaborative context awareness needed to distinguish user feedback from independent parallel work. This motivated CLEO, a design probe that embodies this capability, interpreting concurrent user actions as feedback or independent work and adapting execution accordingly. Study 2 (N=10) analyzed 214 turn-level interactions, identifying a taxonomy of five action patterns and ten codes, along with six triggers and four enabling factors explaining when and why users shift between collaboration modes. Concurrent interaction appeared in 31.8% of turns. We present a decision model, design implications, and an annotated dataset, positioning concurrent interaction as what makes delegation work better.

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Kihoon Son, Hyewon Lee, DaEun Choi, Yoonsu Kim, Tae Soo Kim, Yoonjoo Lee, John Joon Young Chung, HyunJoon Jung, Juho Kim. 2026-03-02. "When to Hand Off, When to Work Together": Expanding Human-Agent Co-Creative Collaboration through Concurrent Interaction. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.02050

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