EngGPT2: Sovereign, Efficient and Open Intelligence

G. Ciarfaglia; A. Rosanova; S. Cipolla; J. Bartoli; A. Di Domenico; C. Fioroni; A. Fontana; M. R. Scoleri; M. I. Mone; D. Franchi; M. C. Del Gaudio; A. Leodori; F. Cinti; M. Capozzi; C. Baston; F. Picariello; M. Gabusi; S. Bonura; V. Morreale; I. Bailo

arXiv · 2603.16430

EngGPT2: Sovereign, Efficient and Open Intelligence

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Abstract

EngGPT2-16B-A3B is the latest iteration of Engineering Group's Italian LLM and it's built to be a Sovereign, Efficient and Open model. EngGPT2 is trained on 2.5 trillion tokens - less than Qwen3's 36T or Llama3's 15T - and delivers performance on key benchmarks, including MMLU-Pro, GSM8K, IFEval and HumanEval, comparable to dense models in the 8B-16B range, while requiring one-fifth to half of the inference power, and between one-tenth to one-sixth of the training data and consequent needed training power. Designed as a trained-from-scratch Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture, EngGPT2 features 16 billion parameters with 3 billion active per inference, with expert sizes positioned between those used in GPT-OSS and Qwen3. Approximately 25% of its training corpus consists of Italian-language data, to deliver strong capabilities for European and Italian NLP tasks among models of similar scale. This efficiency aims to position EngGPT2 as a key contributor to the growing portfolio of open-weight European models, combining performance and efficiency with full alignment to the EU AI Act. EngGPT2 is also a single model capable of multiple reasoning modes: non-reasoning, reasoning in Italian or English, and turbo-reasoning (a concise, bullet-point style reasoning available in both languages designed for real-time reasoning use cases). EngGPT2 aims to set a new standard for resource-conscious, high-performance LLMs tailored to European and Italian contexts.

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G. Ciarfaglia, A. Rosanova, S. Cipolla, J. Bartoli, A. Di Domenico, C. Fioroni, A. Fontana, M. R. Scoleri, M. I. Mone, D. Franchi, M. C. Del Gaudio, A. Leodori, F. Cinti, M. Capozzi, C. Baston, F. Picariello, M. Gabusi, S. Bonura, V. Morreale, I. Bailo. 2026-03-17. EngGPT2: Sovereign, Efficient and Open Intelligence. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.16430

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