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arXiv · 2603.20242

LL-SDR: Low-Latency Speech enhancement through Discrete Representations

Jingyi Li·Luca Della Libera·Mirco Ravanelli·Mingkun Xu·Cem Subakan
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Abstract

Many speech enhancement (SE) methods rely on continuous representations. Recently, discrete audio tokens have been explored to enable autoregressive generation for SE. However, it remains unclear whether discretization itself consistently improves SE performance. In this paper, we introduce LL-SDR, a token-based speech enhancement framework that explicitly leverages discretization to better separate speech and noise. Our first contribution is a Variance-Ordered Residual Vector Quantizer (VO-RVQ), designed to disentangle speech and noise distributions during tokenization. Second, we propose a latent-space discriminator to better align enhanced embeddings with semantic embeddings. Experiments show that LL-SDR outperforms continuous baselines and matches the performance of autoregressive token-based approaches. Despite its strong enhancement performance, LL-SDR remains lightweight and efficient, requiring only 40G MACs for a single forward pass on a 10-second 16 kHz speech segment and achieving low-latency inference with an RTF of 0.01 on GPU and 0.24 on CPU. Demos and source code are available at our project websites.

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Jingyi Li, Luca Della Libera, Mirco Ravanelli, Mingkun Xu, Cem Subakan. 2026-03-10. LL-SDR: Low-Latency Speech enhancement through Discrete Representations. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20242

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