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arXiv · 2604.14002

Spin-mediated hysteretic switching of unidirectional charge density waves by rotating magnetic fields

Zichao Chen·Shiyu Zhu·Kailin Xu·Ruwen Wang·Ningning Wang·Jianfeng Guo·Yunhao Wang·Xianghe Han·Zhongyi Cao·Jianping Sun·Hui Chen·Haitao Yang·Jinguang Cheng·Ziqiang Wang·Hong-Jun Gao
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Abstract

Charge density waves (CDWs) are a widespread collective electronic order in quantum materials, furnishing key insights into symmetry breaking and competing phases. However, their dynamic control with external fields remains a pivotal challenge. Here, we report deterministic and hysteretic switching of unidirectional CDW orientation via in-plane magnetic field rotation in magnetic kagome metal GdTi3Bi4. Atomically resolved spectroscopy shows two types of 3a0*1a0 CDW domains, Q1 and Q2 oriented 60 degree apart along two distinct crystallographic directions and separated by atomically sharp domain walls. Rotating the magnetic field drives reversible transitions between these CDW configurations, exhibiting a robust C2-symmetric phase diagram with pronounced hysteresis. This hysteretic switching is mediated by a field-dependent reorientation of underlying antiferromagnetic spins, revealing a tunable energy landscape with stable and metastable states and modulates the electronic charge order via spin-lattice coupling. Our findings not only demonstrate the switching of CDW configurations by in-plane magnetic field but also reveal the mechanism of coupling between CDW and magnetic fields, offering new insights into CDW manipulation and versatile platform for developing a spin-mediated multistate spin-charge coupling memory and programmable quantum devices.

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Zichao Chen, Shiyu Zhu, Kailin Xu, Ruwen Wang, Ningning Wang, Jianfeng Guo, Yunhao Wang, Xianghe Han, Zhongyi Cao, Jianping Sun, Hui Chen, Haitao Yang, Jinguang Cheng, Ziqiang Wang, Hong-Jun Gao. 2026-04-15. Spin-mediated hysteretic switching of unidirectional charge density waves by rotating magnetic fields. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-73004-4

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