Symmetry and Rigidity Results for the Mean Field Equation and Hawking Mass on $\mathbb{S}^2$

Changfeng Gui; Amir Moradifam

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arXiv · 2605.15448

Symmetry and Rigidity Results for the Mean Field Equation and Hawking Mass on $\mathbb{S}^2$

Changfeng Gui·Amir Moradifam

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Abstract

In this paper, we establish symmetry results for solutions of the mean field equation \[ \frac{\alpha}{2} \Delta u + e^u - 1 = 0 \] on $ \mathbb{S}^2 $ for $\frac{1}{3}\leq \alpha \leq 1$, under a geometric condition $(\mathcal{H})$ introduced below. The proofs utilize the Sphere Covering Inequality and incorporate topological arguments on $ \mathbb{S}^2 $. These results are further applied to demonstrate a rigidity property of the Hawking mass for stable constant mean curvature (CMC) spheres, addressing a question posed by Robert Bartnik in 2002. Our results unify and extend previous rigidity results obtained under symmetry or hemispherical balance assumptions, and apply beyond the nearly spherical setting.

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Changfeng Gui, Amir Moradifam. 2026-05-14. Symmetry and Rigidity Results for the Mean Field Equation and Hawking Mass on $\mathbb{S}^2$. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15448

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