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arXiv · 2605.18135

The impact of seasonality over the sensitivity of Einstein Telescope and the SNR of CBC signals at the Sardinia candidate site

Matteo Di Giovanni·Davide Rozza·Giovanni Diaferia·Andrea Contu·Rosario De Rosa·Carlo Giunchi·Luca Naticchioni·Marco Olivieri·Annalisa Allocca·Enrico Calloni·Giovanni Luca Cardello·Luciano Errico·Giovanni Losurdo·Irene Molinari·Lucia Trozzo·Alessandro Cardini·Domenico D'Urso
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Abstract

This work presents the first investigation of the impact of seasonal variations in seismic noise on the low-frequency performance of the Einstein Telescope (ET) at the Sardinia candidate site, focusing on their effect on compact binary coalescence signals. Using seismic data collected between 2022 and 2025 from a deep borehole, we characterize the seasonal variability of the seismic noise and identify the months of July and December as representative best- and worst-case conditions. The measured seismic spectra are used to estimate the Newtonian noise contribution in the 2--10 Hz frequency range and to derive corresponding modifications to the ET design sensitivity. These sensitivity curves are then used in simulations of binary neutron star and intermediate-mass black hole signals in the triangular ET configuration to quantify the resulting changes in signal-to-noise ratio. We find that median seasonal conditions produce only minor changes in the expected SNR, with deviations from the design case typically below 2$\%$. Larger effects are found for the upper tail of the December noise distribution, where the average SNR loss reaches approximately 20--25$\%$. These results indicate that seasonal seismic variability at the Sardinia candidate site has a limited impact on the low-frequency performance of ET under typical conditions.

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Matteo Di Giovanni, Davide Rozza, Giovanni Diaferia, Andrea Contu, Rosario De Rosa, Carlo Giunchi, Luca Naticchioni, Marco Olivieri, Annalisa Allocca, Enrico Calloni, Giovanni Luca Cardello, Luciano Errico, Giovanni Losurdo, Irene Molinari, Lucia Trozzo, Alessandro Cardini, Domenico D'Urso. 2026-05-18. The impact of seasonality over the sensitivity of Einstein Telescope and the SNR of CBC signals at the Sardinia candidate site. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18135

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