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arXiv · 2605.23531

PixIE: Prompted Pixel-Space Low-Light Image Enhancement

Ruirui Lin·Guoxi Huang·David Bull·Nantheera Anantrasirichai
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Abstract

Low-light images suffer from severe noise, contrast loss, and semantic ambiguity, making enhancement a joint problem of denoising and detail recovery. We propose PixIE, a feed-forward pixel-space LLIE framework semantically prompted by a foundation model (FM). PixIE first performs cross-scale denoising to suppress noise while preserving structure, then refines details using Prompted Pixel Blocks (PPBs), which inject intermediate FM features through a novel spatially continuous modulation (SCMo). To make pixel-space attention efficient across scales, we introduce Spatial-Channel Compaction (SCC), which jointly reduces the spatial token grid and channel dimension. We further propose Multi-Receptive-Field Pixel Embedding (MRPE) to provide neighborhood-aware pixel representations before semantic prompting, improving robustness to signal-dependent noise beyond point-wise embeddings. Experiments on standard LLIE benchmarks demonstrate state-of-the-art performance, achieving the best PSNR, SSIM, and LPIPS on the challenging LOLv2-Real benchmark. Qualitative comparisons further show sharper details with more natural and consistent textures, improving both reconstruction fidelity and perceptual quality.

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Ruirui Lin, Guoxi Huang, David Bull, Nantheera Anantrasirichai. 2026-05-22. PixIE: Prompted Pixel-Space Low-Light Image Enhancement. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23531

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