Low Resource Multimodal Translation of Nepali Spoken Words into Emotion-Conditioned Sign Language Avatars

Jatin Bhusal; Salma Tamang

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arXiv · 2606.26107

Low Resource Multimodal Translation of Nepali Spoken Words into Emotion-Conditioned Sign Language Avatars

Jatin Bhusal·Salma Tamang

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Abstract

Sign language communication systems, that integrate emotional expression remain underexplored, particularly for low-resource languages. This pilot study presents NEST-V1 (Nepali Emotion and Speech Transformer - Version 1), a proof-of-concept multimodal framework that demonstrates the feasibility of generating emotion-conditioned Nepali Sign Language avatars from spoken input. As a preliminary investigation, we focus on four common Nepali words ("thank you", "hello", "house", "me") across three emotional states (happy, neutral, sad) to validate our core technical approach. Our lightweight architecture employs a shared acoustic encoder for simultaneous Automatic Speech Recognition and emotion classification, achieving 81.1% ASR accuracy and 79.21% emotion recognition accuracy on a dataset of 600 labeled audio samples from 50 speakers. The system demonstrates 37% parameter efficiency compared to separate model architectures while maintaining a lightweight footprint with only 22.1M parameters suitable for edge deployment. This pilot work establishes the technical foundation for emotion-aware sign language translation in low-resource settings and provides a scalable framework for future expansion to larger vocabularies and more diverse emotional expressions. Our preliminary results indicate the viability of real-time, emotionally expressive sign language communication systems for the hearing-impaired community, with clear pathways for enhancement in subsequent development phases.

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Jatin Bhusal, Salma Tamang. 2026-05-04. Low Resource Multimodal Translation of Nepali Spoken Words into Emotion-Conditioned Sign Language Avatars. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.26107

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