Universal scaling of many-body effects in quantum tunneling

Abstract

Quantum tunneling is fundamental to diverse phenomena and underpins a wide range of modern technologies. In the study of superconducting quantum computation and high-temperature superconducting materials, tunneling on multi-particle scale is central. Recently, several cold atom experiments successfully simulated the tunneling process in a many-particle ensemble. However, the many-body nature remains largely unexplored. Here, we observe the universal scaling of many-body effects in quantum tunneling process, using a hexagonal-triangular quantum simulator with independent control of barrier, temperature and interaction. In the weak-interaction regime, the critical tunneling coefficient scales parabolically with temperature under various conditions, in contrast to the linear scaling of single-particle tunneling. By further increasing the interactions beyond the mean-field regime, the scaling exponent decreases, consistent with quantum field theory predictions. Our results address the fundamental question of how many-body effects renormalize quantum tunneling, with direct implications for correlated quantum matter and devices.