The S-ICDF Dataset: Sionna-Simulated Dynamic Interference Characterization and Direction Finding

Abstract

Jamming and spoofing threaten wireless and satellite navigation by disrupting or manipulating radio frequency (RF) signals, undermining availability, integrity, and trust. Robust interference monitoring (i.e., detection, classification, characterization, and direction finding) is therefore essential to identify and localize anomalous signals. While machine learning (ML) promises improved performance in complex environments, its development and validation depend on large-scale datasets that capture realistic signal and channel variability. Collecting such data in the real world is difficult because intentional jamming is illegal and ground-truth attribution is confounded by propagation, hardware, and environmental effects. To address this gap, we create and publish S-ICDF, a large-scale indoor interference dataset generated with Sionna, a GPU-accelerated simulation library for physical-layer wireless communications. S-ICDF covers 102 interference configurations, including diverse antenna array patterns, bandwidths, and simulation settings such as noise level and reflection depth. We further provide baseline results by benchmarking S-ICDF with classical estimation and direction finding (DF) methods (MUSIC, ESPRIT, and CAPON) and with modern ML approaches. The dataset is publicly available at: https://gitlab.cc-asp.fraunhofer.de/darcy_gnss/sicdf_dataset