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arXiv · 2607.07196

Validate the Dream Before You Trust Its Verdict: Admissibility for World-Model Simulators

Christian Oefinger·Finn Rasmus Schäfer·Korbinian Moller·Mattia Piccinini·Johannes Betz
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Abstract

Across robotics, World Models (WMs) are increasingly used to evaluate action policies by simulating the consequences of actions in an imagined world, and returning a success or safety verdict. Yet a verdict is only as trustworthy as the WM that produced it, and the WM itself needs to be certified. In video-generation WMs, fidelity metrics such as Fr\'echet Video Distance (FVD) reward visual realism, but ignore whether the world responds correctly to the policy's actions, including those unseen in training. Classical simulation-based validation assumes a trusted simulator evaluating an untrusted policy, whereas generative WMs are themselves unverified learned artifacts. Hence, we argue that any WM used as a test oracle must first be accredited before its verdicts can serve as evidence. Building on credibility practices from safety-critical simulation, including Verification, Validation & Accreditation (VV&A), Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF), and scenario-based testing standards, we define an admissibility ladder (L0-L4) that a WM must climb before its closed-loop verdicts are accepted as assurance evidence. Our framework is embodiment-agnostic, and is instantiated in autonomous driving (AD), where assurance methods for traditional simulation are most mature. Applied to two driving WMs, the lower rungs reveal a reversal: the model that ranks higher on visual generation quality (L0) ranks lower on action-following (L1-L2), so visual fidelity does not predict the action-robustness a closed-loop verdict depends on.

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Christian Oefinger, Finn Rasmus Schäfer, Korbinian Moller, Mattia Piccinini, Johannes Betz. 2026-07-08. Validate the Dream Before You Trust Its Verdict: Admissibility for World-Model Simulators. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.07196

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