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arXiv · 2607.29086

Do Music Foundation Models Embed Pitch in Helical Structure?

Hayato Yagi·Shinnosuke Takamichi·Rin Sato·Keitaro Tanaka·Shigeo Morishima
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Abstract

This study analyzes the intermediate representations of music foundation models (MFMs) and reports the geometric structures used to represent pitch information. By inputting isolated musical notes into trained MFMs and analyzing their principal components, we reveal that the representations form a helical structure reflecting the octave periodicity of pitch. Furthermore, we show that the clarity and geometry of this helical structure vary not only across models but also with the acoustic properties of the input signals. Our analysis provides a novel approach for clarifying the internal mechanisms of MFMs.

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Hayato Yagi, Shinnosuke Takamichi, Rin Sato, Keitaro Tanaka, Shigeo Morishima. 2026-07-31. Do Music Foundation Models Embed Pitch in Helical Structure?. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.29086

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