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arXiv · 2608.15819

Analyzing and Characterizing Multi-Source Interference Effects at Jammertest Norway 2025

Lucas Heublein·Inigo Cortes Vidal·Tobias Feigl·Alexander Rügamer·Felix Ott
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Abstract

Intentional radio-frequency interference from low-cost GNSS jammers increasingly threatens the accuracy and reliability of satellite-based positioning. Mitigating this threat requires not only detection but also robust waveform classification and characterization, direction-of-arrival inference for localization, and impact estimation on receiver performance under realistic operating conditions; all of which are challenged by strong distribution shifts across devices, sensors, environments, and satellite geometries. We address these challenges by compiling a dedicated real-world dataset recorded during Jammertest 2025 (Andoya, Norway), covering two outdoor test areas with parallel measurements from a single-antenna E1/E5 receiver module and a 2x2 CRPA-array. The dataset spans diverse jamming, spoofing, and meaconing scenarios, including CW, PRN, sweep/chirp, and multi-emitter configurations, and is complemented by per-recording metadata enabling time-aligned ground truth. Methodologically, we benchmark 17 machine learning (ML) architectures for interference-modulation recognition and multi-task characterization (type, occupied bandwidth, and signal strength), and we quantify navigation-relevant degradation via a receiver-aware spectral separation coefficient (SSC) that maps measured spectra to effective (C_s/N_0)_{eff} loss. To enable multi-source analysis, we transfer a YOLOv8s and RF-DETR detector pretrained on a labeled spectrogram dataset to localize multiple simultaneous interferers in GNSS spectrograms and subsequently characterize each detected component. Results show near-99% within-area classification accuracy but substantial cross-area performance drops, highlighting the need for robustness to real-world domain shifts.

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Lucas Heublein, Inigo Cortes Vidal, Tobias Feigl, Alexander Rügamer, Felix Ott. 2026-08-16. Analyzing and Characterizing Multi-Source Interference Effects at Jammertest Norway 2025. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.15819

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