Single-Mode Control of High-Speed and Low-Threshold III-V/Si Quantum Dot Microring Lasers via Azimuthal Gratings

Abstract

Hybrid III-V/silicon quantum-dot microring lasers are compact, energy-efficient O-band sources, but their whispering-gallery cavities are inherently multimode and bidirectional, producing unstable mode hopping that is incompatible with dense wavelength-division multiplexing. We show that an azimuthal grating patterned into the silicon ring - a single lithographic degree of freedom - converts this multimode cavity into a wavelength-addressed, single-mode source. A coupled-mode analysis derives the angular-momentum selection rule from first principles and shows that the inner-wall corrugation replaces the degenerate counter-propagating pair with symmetric and anti-symmetric standing-wave supermodes of unequal radiative loss. At the second-order Bragg condition the anti-symmetric mode is symmetry-protected, yielding a high-quality-factor state at exactly one azimuthal order; finite-element simulations confirm this and identify grating depth as the primary loss-engineering handle. Devices fabricated in-house on a 100 mm silicon-on-insulator platform hold a single longitudinal order with a side-mode suppression ratio of 37.9 dB and continuous, hop-free tuning, while the emission wavelength stays fixed across a factor-of-two change in cavity loading, set lithographically rather than by the gain peak. Because the grating decouples the lasing wavelength from the quantum-dot gain, the detuning becomes a mask-level design variable that sets the temperature of minimum threshold current, reaching 1.95 mA near 50 {\deg}C. Combined with side-mode suppression beyond 37 dB and multi-gigahertz direct modulation, these lasers are practical building blocks for cascaded, wavelength-addressed transmitter arrays in data communication and co-packaged optics.