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arXiv · 2608.25823

Learning Continuous Regional Temperature Fields with Lead-Time and Resolution Queries

Chunlei Shi·Jiong Wang·Yi-Lin Wei·Junming Hou·Jinjin Liu·Yecheng Zhang·Dan Niu
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Abstract

Accurate regional near-surface temperature forecasting is fundamental to short-range weather services and downstream risk assessment. Existing deep learning-based regional forecasters commonly produce a fixed set of future frames on a prescribed grid, limiting their use when forecast products must be evaluated at query-dependent lead times or display resolutions. To overcome these fixed-output constraints, we formulate regional T2M forecasting as query-conditioned continuous spatiotemporal temperature field evaluation and propose the Continuous Spatiotemporal Temperature Forecaster (CSTF), a neural field that turns forecast lead time and output resolution into explicit queries when evaluating 2-m temperature (T2M). Specifically, CSTF first encodes multivariable ERA5 histories into latent meteorological states and then decodes T2M as a coordinate-based field. Accordingly, spatial location, forecast lead time, and output resolution are introduced as queries, enabling standard hourly forecasts, intermediate lead-time diagnostics, and resolution-controllable outputs within a unified field-evaluation framework. Furthermore, to maintain coherence across flexible field queries, we design spatial-gradient, temporal-difference, and scale-consistency objectives that regularize regional thermal structures, lead-wise evolution, and cross-resolution agreement. Experiments on the Southeast China 0-6 h ERA5-Land benchmark demonstrate that CSTF achieves the best aggregate deterministic skill, including a 17.0 percent reduction in Bias, with global-scope diagnostics further illustrating flexible lead-time and resolution-controllable inference.

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Chunlei Shi, Jiong Wang, Yi-Lin Wei, Junming Hou, Jinjin Liu, Yecheng Zhang, Dan Niu. 2026-08-26. Learning Continuous Regional Temperature Fields with Lead-Time and Resolution Queries. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.25823

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