Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2608.27765

Frequency Synchronization Circuit Model for Analog Vector-Matrix Multiplication in the Frequency Domain

Taeju Lee·Scott T. Habermehl·Timothy W. Caplice·Michael L. Roukes·Philip X. -L. Feng·Kenneth L. Shepard
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

This work introduces a frequency synchronization circuit model for analog vector-matrix multiplication in the frequency domain. The frequency synchronization is implemented by coupling oscillators through all-to-all connections. Each oscillator is implemented using complementary cross-coupled transconductance pairs and RC high-pass filters. In this work, the frequency synchronization is achieved not only using oscillators alone but also through a configuration in which oscillators and resonator models (i.e., MEMS/NEMS resonators) are combined. While addressing the frequency synchronization of all the coupled oscillators, a partial synchronization is also discussed by controlling the coupling strength of a selected subset of oscillators. This frequency synchronization analysis focuses on the small-signal analysis using analog circuit and resonator models, thereby enabling an understanding of the synchronized frequency defined by the parameters of the analog circuit and resonator models.

Explore related subjects

physics.ins-detphysics.app-ph

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

Taeju Lee, Scott T. Habermehl, Timothy W. Caplice, Michael L. Roukes, Philip X. -L. Feng, Kenneth L. Shepard. 2026-08-27. Frequency Synchronization Circuit Model for Analog Vector-Matrix Multiplication in the Frequency Domain. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.27765

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

High-Speed Semi-FE Readout Module for ATLAS MDT at HL-LHC: Design and Production-Level Characterization

The High-Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) introduces increased demands on the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer, particularly in terms of data throughput, timing distribution and system reliability. The Phase-II Chamber Service Module (CSM) is a key component of the upgraded Monitored Drift Tube (MDT) trigger and readout system, providing a high-speed interface between the front-end electronics and the backend systems. This paper describes the design and implementation of the Phase-II CSM, together with its validation. The results show that the CSM supports two independent optical uplinks, each operating at a line rate of 10.24 Gbps, together with clock distribution and slow control in the expected operating environment. Integration with small-diameter MDT (sMDT) chambers and tests with the prototype L0MDT trigger system are also presented. The CSM boards are now in production and will be used for installation and integration during the upcoming LHC Long Shutdown.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2026

Spectral Discrimination of Deposited Gamma-Ray Energies in a Simulated CeBr$_3$ Scintillator

We show that wavelength measurements of individual detected optical photons may provide additional information about gamma-ray energy deposited in a CeBr$_3$ crystal when the detected-photon-count distributions overlap for nearby gamma-ray energies. Monoenergetic 662 and 629 keV gammas are used in a Geant4 simulation of a $25\times25\times20~\mathrm{mm^3}$ CeBr$_3$ crystal. Assuming a light yield of $6.0\times10^4$ photons/MeV, a wavelength-independent photon-detection efficiency of 30%, and a wavelength resolution of $\sigma_{\lambda}=40$ nm, we find that the fraction of photons reconstructed above 385 nm gives an event-level separation of $\sim$ 2 standard deviations between the 662 and 629 keV event populations selected within the same $\sim$ 1%-wide detected-photon-count interval. No timing or reconstructed interaction-position information is used. The result demonstrates, within the present simulation model, that event-dependent optical spectra can retain energy information beyond an undifferentiated photon count.

physics.ins-det↗
arXiv2026

Operation of a negative ion gas time projection chamber without electronegative fill gases

The high fidelity reconstruction of particle tracks in micropatterned gaseous time projection chambers renders this technology ideal for future rare-event searches, including direction-sensitive dark matter experiments. Large drift distances are typically required for such experiments, so that the overall spatial resolution is limited by diffusion. Negative ion drift exhibits lower diffusion than electron drift and is thus an attractive option for realising a large-scale detector. The use of electronegative gases to create negative ions introduces technical challenges, most notably a reduction in gain when compared to conventional gas mixtures. In this study, we demonstrate a new method for negative ion generation via dissociative electron attachment using the conventional molecular fill gas CF$_4$. Our optical measurements of negative ion drift indicate electron attachment lengths of $<$1 mm and comparable gain to electron avalanches. The individual negative ion avalanches were also time-resolved, allowing the number of ions reaching the readout to be counted. We measure an improved energy resolution by single ion counting, relative to an integrated electron avalanche signal measured under identical gain conditions.

physics.ins-det↗